研究出

This thesis is divided into six parts. The first chapter is preface, the current status of research in the inverse problems for parabolic partial differential equations is reported; the second chapter is "regularization methods for numerical differentiation and their applications ", in this chapter we investigate many regularization methods from a viewpoint of regularization theory and algorithm, some applications in the inverse problems for parabolic partial differential equations are given; the third chapter is "spectral regularization methods". Based on Fourier analysis, within the framework of regularization theory, we apply the spectral methods to some ill-posed problems. Many numerical experiments are done in order to show the validity of the methods; the fourth chapter is devoted to wavelet dual least squares method and a revised wavelet method; in the fifth chapter,we combine finite difference method with method of lines and apply it to the backward heat conduction problem in time; in the sixth chapter "identification problems for unknown source ", the essence and the degree of two problems related to source identification are pointed out, at the same time, some numerical methods are reported.

本文分为六个部分，第一章前言简要分析了国内外抛物型偏微分方程反问题的研究现状；第二章数值微分的正则化及其应用从正则化理论和算法的角度出发，考察了许多正则化方法，还给出了数值微分在抛物型偏微分方程反问题的一些应用；第三章谱正则化方法是在Fourier分析的基础上，在一般正则化理论的框架下，给出了这种方法在各种不适定问题中的应用，数值实验表明谱方法是有效的；第四章研究了小波对偶最小二乘方法和改进的小波方法；第五章主要研究了有限差分方法结合线方法在时间反向热传导问题中的应用；第六章是未知源识别问题，主要指出了两类未知源问题的不适定程度和不适定本质，同时报告了一些数值方法。

The stall/spin test fly for one trainer has been conducted, which is a difficult and great risk project. It is studied in the test fly that entering stall/spin and the effect of all deflection surface on stall/spin and the effect of nose outshoot and gravity location and so on. Using the oscillatory type recovery control law recover successfully from flat spin.

在对某教练机进行的技术难度大、高风险的失速／尾旋试飞研究中，进行了失速／尾旋的进入方法、失速／尾旋的特征、改出特性的研究，同时研究了各舵面对失速／尾旋特性的影响、机头突出物的影响、重心位置等因素的影响，使用振荡型操纵规律成功地改出了平衡尾旋。

The classical cutting stock algorithm——column generation technology , and wrap up rectangle technology for abnormity are analyzed ; The development of AutoCAD with ObjectARX is studied and the generating method of cutting outline drawing and layout drawing were found out on the basis of analyses of the graph database structure of AutoCAD and the basic operation of it ; The process planning technology of plate material cutting orienting numerical control is studied a process planning method directly based on layout drawing is established ; The emulation technology in AutoCAD is studied and a kind of dynamic emulation method is put forward , which is realized by incrementally modifying graph entity ; The postposition of NC program of the integrated cutting system constructed on software plug-in is proposed , which can effectively solve the problem that it is difficult for a numerical control programming system to be common , which is caused by the difference of instruction format and control parameter between different type of numerical control machine .

分析了经典的矩形件优化排样算法——列生成法和针对异形件的矩形包络算法；研究了基于ObjectARX 的AutoCAD 开发技术，结合对AutoCAD 图形数据库结构及其基本操作的分析，给出了下料轮廓图和排样图的生成方法；研究了板材数控下料加工的工艺处理技术，建立了一种直接基于排样图进行的图形交互工艺规划方法；研究了在AutoCAD环境中的板材下料数控仿真技术，给出一种通过增量修改图形实体对象实现的动态仿真方法；提出以软插件技术构建集成下料系统的数控编程后置处理部分，能够有效解决因数控下料机床指令格式及控制参数不统一导致的自动编程软件系统不易实现通用性的问题。

The spore germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are studied. It indicates that :① the development period of prothallium and young sporophyte of the same species is different due to seeding time of spores;② the optimal temperatures of spores germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are about 15 -24 ℃;③ the rate of spore germination of rare ferns is much lower than the ferns which occur large populations in nature;④ the treatment with GA 3 can accelerate the germination of the spores;⑤ the prothallium changes from large to small, green to yellow when young sporophyte comes out. The prothalliums of all 21 ferns die away after the appear of the 3rd leaf of sporophytes;⑥ shapes of the 1st and 2nd leaves of the young sporophyte are different from those emerged later;⑦ spores cultured in dark can not germinate;⑧ a prothallium can develop only one young sporophyte though it has many archegoniums, and the spore propagation with leaf mould substrate is an economical method.

摘 要：以腐叶土为培养基质，对 21 种蕨类植物进行了孢子萌发和原叶体发育的研究，结果表明：①不同时期播种的同种蕨类的孢子，发育出原叶体和幼孢子体所历经的时间长短不同；②孢子萌发和配子体生长发育的适宜温度约为 15 ～ 24 ℃；③稀有蕨类的孢子萌发率低，而在野外能形成较大种群的蕨类的孢子萌发率高；④用 GA 3 处理孢子可以促进萌发；⑤当原叶体上长出幼孢子体时，原叶体由大变小，由绿变黄， 21 种蕨类的原叶体都在幼孢子体上长出第 3 片叶时消失；⑥幼孢子体上长出的第 1 、 2 片叶在形态上与以后长出的叶不同；⑦孢子萌发需要光；⑧ 1 片原叶体尽管有多个颈卵器，但仅发育出 1 株幼孢子体；⑨利用腐叶土进行蕨类孢子繁殖是一种经济实用的繁殖方法。

The dissertation will study some problems in stream ciphers. The main results that the author obtained are as follows:(1) The concept of fuzzy linear complexity is presented initially. The estimation problem of the fuzzy linear complexity of the random vector is studied, and a lot of upper bounds are given. The limit properties of fuzzy linear complexity of random vector are studied, and the limit theorem and the limit of variance of the fuzzy linear complexity of random vector are given.(2) The concept of fuzzy nonlinear complexity is presented initially.

本文在前人工作的基础上对序列密码中的一些问题进行了研究；所取得的主要研究成果综述如下：（1）首次提出了模糊线性复杂度的概念，对随机向量的模糊线性复杂度的均值进行了估计，给出了几个上界估计公式，并研究了随机向量模糊线性复杂度的极限性质，给出了随机向量模糊线性复杂度的极限定理及其方差的极限。

To strengthen army' s political theory study, we should carry out the spirit of opinion, insist on Marxism and scientific development conception to strengthen building of the national defence and give prominence to the study of important theoretical and realistic problem, we should further reinforce and improve organization and leadership, fully exert the effect of army, department and academy, accelerate army' s political theory study to produce more achievement and persons with ability.

加强军队政治理论研究，要落实《意见》精神，坚持以马克思主义为指导，坚持把科学发展观作为加强国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，突出对重大理论和现实问题的研究；要进一步加强和改进组织领导，充分发挥部队、机关和院校各方面力量的作用，促进军队政治理论研究多出成果、多出人才。

In this paper, we studied M. meretrix ferritin, cathepsin B and caspase genes, which are involved in clam larval shell formation, nutrition, metabolism and apoptosis, respectively. We have cloned the three genes, investigated the temporal and spatial expression profile both at gene and protein level in trochophore (L1), D-veliger (L2), pediveliger (L3) and postlarvae (L4). The potential roles of these proteins were analyzed with specific inhibitors during larval development. Firstly, embryos were found developed into trochophore-like larvae with no shell if cultured at gastrula stage in artificial seawater without iron. Shell-like structures were formed only in the presence of iron. The larvae which had been transferred at L1 stage into ASW developed normal shell. This indicated that iron and iron associated protein are important for larval shell formation. The EST sequence which is homologous with ferritin, which is a principal iron metabolic protein, was selected from the M. meretrix cDNA library. The full-length of ferritin subunit cDNA was cloned by RACE. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the MmeFer mRNA expression changed before and after the larval shell formation.

本论文以文蛤幼虫为研究对象，分别对文蛤幼虫发育过程中贝壳形成相关的铁蛋白、营养及变态相关的组织蛋白酶B及变态过程中细胞凋亡相关的caspase三个基因进行了克隆，分析了基因及编码蛋白在担轮幼虫期(L1)、D形幼虫期(L2)、壳顶幼虫期(L3)和稚贝期(L4)的时空表达特征，解析了其可能的功能，并研究了相应酶类的特异性抑制剂作用对幼虫发育过程的影响，进行了目标蛋白的功能验证，详述如下：研究结果显示，在文蛤胚胎发育到原肠胚时放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养，发育成无壳的畸形，随着人工海水中铁离子添加浓度的升高，幼虫长出壳状组织接近正常状态；而发育到L1期幼虫放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养却可以发育出正常的壳，推测铁和铁代谢相关蛋白在幼虫贝壳初始形成有重要的作用。

IT is thought the skin have so much member ,but the water's contain to 70％ and for the skin leading in physiology ,so that forn he's water principle theory——he thought ,the skin not better absorb for the effect component and illness or senescence whether it from the skin and the body's others but common qround is the same for the run short of the water in the cell and conjunctive tissue .in his manufacture in 1998 the new name came out and was named ——TORSION .for the technology he make use of the cosmetic ordinary 's drink aqua and lock the water capability when you use it , not only can keeping the skin have plenitudinous moisture,so that the skin deeply suck then using the ordinary cosmetic drink component hillpear mellow molecule deriive 's than hillpear mellowdrink's capability high 1~2 times for β- hillpear mellow.

他认为虽然皮肤有多种成分，但水分却占到了70％，对皮肤的生理肯定起着主导性作用，基于此形成了他的Water principle研究理论。认为皮肤对有效成分的吸收不彻底，以及疾病或衰老，无论它来自皮肤还是身体的其他部位，其共同点都是一样的，那就是在细胞和结缔组织中缺少了水。在他的精心研制下，利用化妆品常用的吸水剂山梨醇分子衍生出比山梨醇吸水剂吸水能力高出1-2倍的β—山梨醇，大大提高了皮肤的补水和锁水能力，使皮肤保持充足的水分，从而使肌肤对化妆品有效成分的吸收更为彻底。通过上万例的化妆品配方应用试验后，此技术于1998年在雅邦国际化妆品研究机构得到了推广，并利用Makinsdi.Dr的研究办公室作为新品的命名—TORSION。

IT is thought the skin have so much member ,but the water's contain to 70% and for the skin leading in physiology ,so that forn he's water principle theory——he thought ,the skin not better absorb for the effect component and illness or senescence whether it from the skin and the body's others but common qround is the same for the run short of the water in the cell and conjunctive tissue .in his manufacture in 1998 the new name come out and naming ——TORSION .for the technology he make use of the cosmetic ordinary 's drink aqua and lock the water capability when you use it ,ont only can keeping the skin have plenitudinous moisture,so that the skin deeply suck then using the ordinary cosmetic drink component hillpear mellow molecule deriive 's than hillpear mellowdrink's capability high 1~2 times for β- hillpear mellow.

他认为虽然皮肤有多种成分，但水分却占到了70%，对皮肤的生理肯定起着主导性作用，基于此形成了他的Water principle研究理论。认为皮肤对有效成分的吸收不彻底，以及疾病或衰老，无论它来自皮肤还是身体的其他部位，其共同点都是一样的，那就是在细胞和结缔组织中缺少了水。在他的精心研制下，利用化妆品常用的吸水剂山梨醇分子衍生出比山梨醇吸水剂吸水能力高出1-2倍的β—山梨醇，大大提高了皮肤的补水和锁水能力，使皮肤保持充足的水分，从而使肌肤对化妆品有效成分的吸收更为彻底。通过上万例的化妆品配方应用试验后，此技术于1998年在法国雅邦国际化妆品研究机构得到了推广，并利用Makinsdi.Dr的研究办公室作为新品的命名—TORSION。

Based on the analysis of similarities and differences between core data, well log and seismic prospecting, the thesis makes a primary match between them;(2) Through layer boundary dividing by Walsh transformation, lithology determination by gray system and stratigraphy correlation by dynamic waveform match, an application to the aimed area was done;(3) This paper also gives the research on the character of well logs and reservoir parameters. According to the FBM protype, the profile of density and acoustic value between two wells was built. And the result showed good accordance with real logs.(4) By means of fractal reconstruction, it rebuilt the three dimensional shapes of the main stratigraphy boundaries in the studied area.

在详细分析总结岩心、测井和地震数据异同点的基础上，对三种数据进行了初步的匹配；②通过对测井曲线的沃尔什变换分层、灰色关联法岩性判别，综合多种动态层序对比技术，增改对比过程所需要的参数，进行了井间地层对比方法的探讨与应用研究；③详细研究了测井曲线以及储层参数分布的分形特征，以分数布朗运动为原型模拟出两口井中间对应地层的密度和时差参数剖面，结果与验证井数据表现出了良好的一致性；④采用分维重建方法再现了研究区块泉头组顶底面以及登二段底面的空间形态。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。