研究出

For this type of new model,we study it mainly from these ways:First,we make further research on the nature features of their distributions;give out the probability distribution of the mixed stochastic variables,and the statistical features and the approximate distributions of the short-term individual risk models. Also the relationships between the total amount of compound compensation and individual one were investigated.At last we give out a kind of practical calculation method for the individual risk model.That is the calculation of the number of claims translating into the calculation of Vandermonde determinant.Second,a kind of risk model with main claims and by-claims is built under specific conditions.

对于这类有主副理赔的风险模型，我们主要从以下几个方面进行研究：首先，对短期个别风险模型和长期聚合风险模型的理赔总额的分布性质及特征做了较深入的研究，给出了混合型随机变量和的概率分布和短期个别风险模型理赔总额的统计特征与近似分布；在复合分布的框架下，研究了聚合风险模型理赔总额和个别理赔额之间的分布关系，给出了和个别理赔额对应的理赔次数的实用计算方法，即在总索赔额服从复合泊松分布时，把不同理赔额对应的理赔次数的计算转化为线性方程组的计算。

Further, by using the set of equations derived above, a modified potential vorticity equation more suitable for the study of mesoscale systems is developed, in which the term of divergence is involved explicitly on the right hand side.

进一步，利用此新方程组，推导出适用于中尺度系统研究的新的位涡方程，新位涡方程突出的特点是，与中尺度系统发生、发展密切相关的散度项显式出现在方程的右端；这为研究中尺度系统演变过程中，辐合、辐散效应对系统位涡收支的影响、进而研究中尺度系统发生、发展的热、动力学过程提供了方法。

This study was a qualitative research, which conducted in-depth interviews with the undertakers, supervisors, team leaders of the substitute service in draftee requisition agencies (National Police Agency, Ministry of the Interior), training agencies (First and Fourth Corps of Special Police) and duty service units (municipal and county police bureaus), as well as focus group interview with draftees in duty service units/ Based on literature review, theoretic discussion, and empirical research, the data were compared and cross validated, so as to identify the root causes and responding method.

本文是以质化研究为主，对役男之需用机关、代训机关与服勤单位之替代役承办人、主管、带队官等作深度访谈，并对服勤单位之役男团体作焦点团体访谈，透过相关文献分析、理论基础探讨与实证研究之综合分析、比较、相互印证，找出问题症结与因应之道，除归纳出本研究发现与结论外，并对主管机关、需用机关与服勤单位提出具体建议，期能提高役男人力运用成效，使警察替代役交通助理制度能继续实施且更臻完善。

This paper studies depression in the hot cathode glow discharge PCVD method of diamond films influence in the process, mainly from two aspects of research: a study of the process of discharge pressure of the impact of that pressure on the technology, the impact of state discharge , as well as pressure and discharge voltage of the relationship between the two, and experiment with different pressure, relative to the preparation of samples, and using Raman instrument and SEM analysis of the quality of the film, by comparing the different types of gas pressure on the quality of diamond films, summed up the most good gas pressure parameters of a high-quality diamond films.

本文研究气压在热阴极辉光放电PCVD方法制备金刚石膜过程中的影响，主要是从两个方面进行研究：一，研究制备过程中气压对放电的影响，得出气压对工艺，放电状态的影响，以及气压和放电电压的关系；二，采用不同气压进行实验，制备出相对应的样品，并用Raman和SEM等仪器对膜进行质量分析，通过对比不同气体压强对金刚石膜质量的影响，总结最佳气体压强参数，制备出高品质金刚石膜。

During the 19th and 20th centuries there were huge achievements on philosophy literature art and music; a variety of activities were also booming at that time Richard Strauss(1864-1949) born at that era when the social phenomena influenced his music learning process combined the classical and romantic music styles and further developed his unique composing style There were 5 chapters in the dissertation The research motivation purposes methodology and the literature review were included in Chapter One Chapter 2 focused on understanding how the history background and personal attitude influenced Richard Strauss' composing style Through the study of the romantic musicians like Franz Schubert1797-1828 Robert Schumann(1810-1856 Johannes Brahms(1833-1897) Hugo Wolf(1860-1903) Gustav Mahler(1860-1911) and etc I attempted to get a complete picture of musical evolution in Chapter 3 In addition Richard's classic compositions were categorized and organized in order to gain a deep understanding of his music From the study and the analysis of Strauss'"Vier letzte Lieder" the features styles the format and the life of the two poets Hermann Hesse1877-1962）and Joseph von Eichendorff(1788-1857 were explored and the relationship between the music of this composition and the poetry were also discussed Chapter 5 summarized the main arguments to give a short account of Strauss' lifetime rich experiences and thinking in his eighties

横跨十九、二十世纪的理察·史特劳斯（Richard Strauss，1864-1949）正是欧洲人文发展空前灿烂的年代，无论在哲学思想、文学、美术以及音乐方面，都有辉煌的成就。在他音乐学习历程中，结合了古典时期及浪漫时期两种音乐风格，发展出独特的作曲风格。本论文分成五章：第一章绪论包括研究动机、研究目的、研究方法及步骤以及文献探讨；第二章则从对理查史特劳斯生平的详实记载中，了解他创作作品的时代背景和心情；第三章则就浪漫时期艺术歌曲作家舒伯特（Franz Schubert1797-1828）、舒曼（Robert Schumann1810-1856）、布拉姆斯（Johannes Brahms1833-1897）、沃尔夫（Hugo Wolf1860-1903）及马勒（Gustav Mahler1860-1911）等，以诗人、旋律、伴奏型态及曲式和声，稍加整理并说明，以便了解艺术歌曲在此时期之演变过程。并将理查史特劳斯艺术歌曲作品分类统整，藉此对他的艺术歌曲能有更深一步的了解。第四章《四首最后的歌》之音乐探究与分析，则探讨此部作品诗人赫塞（Hermann Hesse 1877 - 1962）及艾辛朵夫（Joseph von Eichendorff﹐1788-1857）的生平和作品特色，以及诗的结构与格式，和此部作品音乐与诗的关系。第五章结语说明史特劳斯一生丰富经历与晚年想法，创作出一组宁静感人又深刻的终曲。

The origin of this thesis is a task from Shanghai Education Committee, which is to study the human factors in "evaluation of the safety techonology in shipping". Target for research is the seaman. The basic train of thoughts is as follows: Basing on the three steps i.e. the identification of risks, the evaluation of the risks and the proposals as the references for making decision, in safety system and employing the basic theory about human factors, the thesis identifies the main representations of the seaman's errors, analyzes the various factors influencing seaman's actions, evaluates the reliability of the seamen in both quality and quantity ways, finally finds out the foundamental causes leading to the seaman's errors and therefore offers the corresponding prevention measures.

本论文来源于上海市教委的课题"船舶运输安全评价技术"中关于人为因素的研究，研究的对象主要指海员，研究的基本思路为：基于安全系统工程中危险识别、风险评价和决策建议这三大基本步骤，运用人因基本理论，对海员失误的主要表现形式进行识别，分析影响海员行为的各种因素，定性和定量地评估海员的可靠性程度，并最终找出导致海员失误的根本原因，从而给出相应的预防措施。

In incorporation with Jilin province science and technology department item "Study of Industry Technological Advance Systemic Effect and Frame of Jilin Province industry Technology Incidence Establishment", about national interindustry incidence relation ,research is carried out in the paper as follows:On the base of national 1997 years input-output production table ,figures out direct consumption matrix of coefficients and matrices of middle input rate.

本文结合吉林省科学技术厅课题《产业技术进步系统效应及吉林省产业技术关联表编制框架研究》对我国的产业关联关系做了如下研究：在我国1997年投入产出表的数据基础上，计算出直接消耗系数矩阵及中间投入率矩阵，并将图分析法用于产业间关联关系的研究中；在计算完全消耗系数矩阵后，计算出各产业部门的感应度系数和影响力系数，并做了波及效果分析；本文经过对各种测算技术进步方法的比较，首次采用前沿生产函数中的数据包络分析方法分析投入产出模型中的产业间技术关联；机械设备制造业具有较高的物质关联性和技术关联性，同时波及效果显著，把含有高新技术的机械设备制造业作为主导产业发展，可以提高整个工业的技术装备水平。

The former three chapters are about theoretical research, and the forth chapter is about empirical research. The theoretical research part generalizes the theoretical basis, theoretical model and the concept of city competitiveness both at home and abroad. According to these theories, the paper introduces the complete and explicit definition of city competitiveness and brings in a new city competitiveness model .The paper emphasizes on empirical research using the data in 2004 as sample, whose objects are ten big cities:Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Shenyang, Dalian, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing and Chengdu. Firstly, on the basis of mean square deviation method, it finds out both the scores of integrated competitiveness of cities and other factors, based on that analyze the relationship between them. And then the paper computes the scores of competitiveness of cities above by principal component analysis and sorts out them for assessment.

理论研究部分主要是概括的叙述了城市竞争力研究的理论基础和理论模型及国内外城市竞争力的概念，在此基础之上对城市竞争力给出了完整明确的定义，并提出了新的城市竞争力模型；全文的重点在实证分析部分，实证分析是以广州、深圳、天津、沈阳、大连、南京、杭州、武汉、重庆、成都10个城市为研究对象，以其2004年的数据为样本，首先用均方差的方法计算各城市综合竞争力与各要素竞争力的得分，以此来分析综合竞争力与各要素竞争力之间的关系，然后采用因子分析的方法计算2004年各城市综合竞争力的得分并给出排序进行评价。

In Chapter 2,I consider a queuing system in which there are two exponential servers, each having his own queue, and arriving customers will join the two queues separately, and analyze the two-dimensional Markov process representing the numbers of jobs in the two stations. A functional equation for the generating function of the stationary distribution of this two-dimensional process is derived and solved through the theory of Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problems. In Chapter 3, I consider the system with two parallel queues, in which arrivals join the shorter queue.I describe the problem of coupling and show that the generating function Fcan be continued as a meromorphic function to the whole complex plane.

全文包括三大部分：第一章介绍了基本的背景、研究进展和文章主要采用的方法；第二章研究的是有两个服务员共享的简单的排队方式的模型，即每个服务员有各自的队列，两队队长互不相关，分析了代表两个队长的二维马尔柯夫过程，推导出了二维过程的平稳分布的母函数的方程，并运用Riemann—Hilbert边值问题理论解出了母函数的表达式；第三章研究的是JSQ-PS模型(the joining the shortest queue model with processor sharing)，模型是组合了加入最短队模型和处理器共享模型而成的有用排队模型。

We can find the twofold values which reside in theory and practice by thinking the concept of Engineering Noumenon.

工程本体研究具有理论和实践的双重价值。日常语言的语义学研究给出了本体的一般解释，科学技术和工程学研究给出了本体的科学解释。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。