研究

So, a lot of fundamental research work needed to be done, including screening Daphnia, as a biomonitor, that is sensitive to toxicant but less to environment changing so as to decrease the environmental interferences for obtaining more accurate determination results; exploring the relationship between the phototactic behavior of Daphnia and pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphate, heavy metal, hormone and pesticide, especially their mixtures; studying the effect of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and fish kairomones on the phototactic behavior of Daphnia.

口。。。口国。国里华典翩胭角嗓国但由于缺乏有效的研究方法，致使有关研究难于开展，人们不得不忽略有害物质之间的互相作用，把有害物质共同存在情况视为单一存在。因此，研究氮、磷和重金属对水搔趋光行为的影响规律，有益于认识富营养化水体和重金属污染的土壤中污染物之间的相互作用，弄清这些污染元素共存时产生的生物和环境效应，这些研究是治理土壤和水体污染之前必须解决的重大科学问题。

So, a lot of fundamental research work needed to be done, including screening Daphnia, as a biomonitor, that is sensitive to toxicant but less to environment changing so as to decrease the environmental interferences for obtaining more accurate determination results; exploring the relationship between the phototactic behavior of Daphnia and pollutantssuch as nitrogen, phosphate, heavy metal, hormone and pesticide, especially their mixtures; studying the effect of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and fish kairomones on the phototactic behavior of Daphnia.

口。。。口国。国里华典翩胭角嗓国但由于缺乏有效的研究方法，致使有关研究难于开展，人们不得不忽略有害物质之间的互相作用，把有害物质共同存在情况视为单一存在。因此，研究氮、磷和重金属对水搔趋光行为的影响规律，有益于认识富营养化水体和重金属污染的土壤中污染物之间的相互作用，弄清这些污染元素共存时产生的生物和环境效应，这些研究是治理土壤和水体污染之前必须解决的重大科学问题。

Based on this review, authors indicate that the readjustment of mineralogical and chemical compositions and volume changes are the main research areas of the fluid action in ductile shear zone. The study on the fluid action in ductile shear zone will be carried out in the following aspects: evolution history of tectonicfluid, tectonic physicochemistry, and the strain model and its features.

本文在综合评价现有研究成果的基础上认为，岩石的成分变异和体积变化是韧性前切带内流体作用研究的主要内容，韧性剪切带内构造－流体演化历史，构造物理化学、岩石应变模式及其特征的研究是今后韧性剪切带内流体作用研究的发展方向和前沿领域。

Based on this review, authors indicate that the r eadjustment of mineralogical and chemical compositions and volume changes are th e main research areas of the fluid action in ductile shear zone. The study on th e fluid action in ductile shear zone will be carried out in the following aspect s: evolution history of tectonic_fluid, tectonic physicochemistry, and the s train model and its features.

本文在综合评价现有研究成果的基础上认为，岩石的成分变异和体积变化是韧性剪切带内流体作用研究的主要内容，韧性剪切带内构造-流体演化历史、构造物理化学、岩石应变模式及其特征的研究是今后韧性剪切带内流体作用研究的发展方向和前沿领域。

Moreover, we established the model of apoptosis induced by corticosterone and explored the effect of gangliosides, which is a active component in pilous antler, on this apoptotic cell model. The effects of gangliosides on neurotransmitter release, neuronal filopodia formation, calcium signal cascade and 5-HTl A receptor-ligand competitive binding were also studied. 2. Theory study: The viewpoint on brain and kidney in traditional Chinese medicine and that in Western medicine were comparatively studied. The essence of the relationship between kidney and brain in traditional Chinese medicine Subsequently, in combination with the analysis on the results in the empirical study, we discussed the essence of the relationship between kidney and brain in traditional Chinese medicine from the viewpoint about the feedback mechanism of hippocampus-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal.

体外实验采用糖皮质激素建立神经细胞凋亡模型，研究鹿茸有效成分的干预作用，并从神经递质释放、神经细胞丝状伪足生成、神经细胞钙信号途径、5-HT_(1A)受体配体竞争结合等方面进行机制探讨。2、理论研究：比较中西医学对肾和脑的传统认识以及现代研究，分析中医学中肾和脑的现代科学内涵，结合实验研究结果，从现代生物学海马—下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴负反馈机制的角度对中医肾脑相关理论的实质进行探讨。

Firstly, this paper investigates the risk management theories and chooses the risk management process suitable for China; secondly, summarizes the types of risks during construction stage, establishs the proper methods for risk identification, with these methods identifies the risks of the Wu-xing Bridge and forms the risk list; thirdly, through the reseach of modern decision-making theoris, researches the risk attitude of the managers by design a risk analysis questionnaire; then, with the expert-experiential based assessment method, makes dynamic risk assessment in every single construction stage; finally, according to the risk assessment results, designs a succinct risk management handbook which supports the risk management during bridge construction pithily.

首先，在研究国内外先进的风险管理理论的基础上，确定了适合我国桥梁施工阶段风险管理的基本流程；其次，对桥梁施工阶段风险事态类型进行了总结，确定了适合我国桥梁施工阶段风险事态识别的方法，并对五星桥进行了详细的风险事态识别，形成了完备的风险事态列表。再次，通过对现代决策理论的研究，制定了研究决策人风险态度的调查问卷，对决策人的风险态度进行了研究；然后，采用基于专家经验的风险估计方法对风险事态进行了评估，并针对施工阶段进行了动态的等级评估；最后，根据评估的风险等级设计了简洁适用的风险管理手册，为桥梁施工现场的风险管理提供了有力支持。

The research of training transfer has been the focus of the training domain in recent 20 years. After the previous research summarized, individual characteristic factors and training transfer climate can influence training transfer most. However, many research results are different and there is a lack of pivotally common variables influencing different trainings and transfer situations.

关于培训迁移的研究是最近20年来培训领域的研究热点，总结以往的研究可以发现，培训迁移气氛和个人特征因素这二大类因素对培训迁移的影响最大，但是许多的研究结果并不一致，缺少影响不同培训和迁移情境的关键的共同变量。

So research in the cognitive diagnosis under polytomous scoring model is very meaningful.

随着布什总统&不让一个孩子落下&的政策出台，美国的认知诊断研究也逐渐成为热门，但目前的大部分研究仍基于0.1 评分，而多级评分可以提供更丰富的信息，并且我国的试题类型往往是多级评分的，因此研究基于多级评分的认知诊断具有重要的意义。1 本文采用模型介绍1.1 目前同类相关研究采用的模型及方法1.1.1 多级评分个人拟合统计量Drasgow提出的多级评分个人拟合统计量指标_l J可以将多级评分模型中被试是否属于异常反应诊断判别出来，但该指标功能局限性大，只能对被试反应模式是否正常做出定性说明，还不能指出哪些属性掌握与否，尚达不到针对考生不足之处进行补救教学的目的。1.1.2 Tatsuoka的规。。。。。。

The premodern study on the tone of japanese is closely related to the then background of japanese linguistic research, which is conducted on the basis of the introduction of western academic thoughts and research methods, together with the study on japanese as native language.

提 要：日语语气的前现代研究与当时日本语言学的研究背景密切相关，是在引进西方学术思想和研究方法的基础上，结合日语国语学研究的实际情况进行的。

We used data from the Oxford Community Stroke Project (OCSP; 1981–86) and the Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC; 2002–06) to investigate changes in the incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage with time, above and below age 75 years, together with associated risk factors and premorbid medications.

我们的资料来自牛津社区卒中研究计划（OCSP；1981–86）和牛津血管病研究（OXVASC；2002–06），使用这些资料来研究75岁上下的颅内出血的发病率，同时研究与之相关的风险因素和发病前的药物治疗。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。