研究

However, the fact is that by now those research that studies international tourism in China far lagged behind the remarkable development of China's tourism, especially how to construct a foundationally theoretical basis for our research work, so that make our research outcome endowed with more practical values.

然而，与我国旅游服务贸易迅猛发展不相符合的是迄今为止我国有关旅游服务贸易方面的研究大大落后于旅游业进一步发展的需要，尤其是如何为国际旅游业的研究构建一个坚实、规范的理论基础，使得我们的研究成果具有更大的应用价值是研究过程中亟需解决的问题。

From the study in the past, the experts in and out of our country studied the music of Gesar, but they merely studied the music noumenon on some part or some area fragmentarily. So this article tries to probe into its music thoroughly, using the inner regulation of this art and the forms it embodies. The first chapter of the thesis introduces the talking and singing in Gesar, with theemerging and development of the combining of the two art forms being a start.

从以往的研究来看，虽然国内外也有些专家、学者对《格萨尔》音乐有一定的研究，但他们的研究都是零碎性的、片段性的，更多的是对某一部分、某个地区的音乐本体研究，所以本文将试着从它的艺术形式出发，以这种艺术形式的内在规律及其特殊的表现形式来对《格萨尔》音乐进行一个较为全面和深入的探讨。

The primary performance properties of these compounds when applied as gas generant composition are also studied.

为了研究和开发新型富氮化合物，本论文系统地研究了富氮化合物的制备、晶体结构、热分解过程和爆炸性能，并对其在气体发生剂中应用的基础性能进行了研究，研究工作及取得的主要成果如下。

This kind of reform includes: Researching object field, the research that produces an impact by the opposite in the past turns into the research to producing kind; On the structure, by the past " 3 chunk " turn into an organic whole; On content, by grumous in the past doctrine history the illuminate of the fundamental that colour turns into to move to economy and basic rule; On the method, bold the scientific effective method in drawing lessons from western economics, the analytic research technique that makes us traditional gets plenitude.

这种改革包括：在研究对象方面，由过去的对生产关系的研究变为对生产方式的研究；在结构上，由过去的&三大块&变为一体；在内容上，由过去浓厚的学说史色彩变为对经济运行的基本原理和基本规律的阐释；在方法上，大胆借鉴西方经济学中科学的有效的方法，使我们传统的分析研究方法得到充实。

The research background,history and current status of haptic display were firstly introduced.

首先介绍了触觉显示的研究背景，回顾了触觉显示的研究历史和国内外的研究现状，指出了触觉显示方面主要的研究领域。

The dynamic changes of the number of T or B lymphocytes and the content of immunoglobulin G, IgM, IgA in peripheral blood, the number of CD〓, CD〓 lymphocyte subpopulation, T〓 cells and IgG, IgM, IgA antibody-producing cells, the ratios of CD〓 and CD〓 T cells in immune organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen) and immune tissues (cecal tonsils and Harderian glands), the content of IgA, IgM, IgG in local fluid (tear, tracheal fluid, intestinal fluid and bile) of one-day chicks infected with chicken infectious anemia virus and CIAV-infected chicks immunized with Newcastle disease vaccine were determined respectively by immunohistochemistry, immunogold-silves and immunoenzyme staining in order to reveal mechanism of immunopathogenesis of chicks infected with CIAV and influence of immune responses of CIAV-infected chicks to ND vaccine.

中文题名雏鸡感染鸡传染性贫血病毒后免疫变化和对新城疫疫苗的应答及其免疫机理副题名外文题名 Immune changes of chicks infected with chicken infectious anemia virus and immune response and mechanism to Newcastle disease vaccine immunity 论文作者郑世民导师刘忠贵教授学科专业基础兽医学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位东北农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数105页关键词鸡传染性贫血病雏鸡新城疫疫苗馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S858 /9 本项研究采用免疫组织化学、免疫胶体金及免疫酶方法，首次对CIAV感染1日龄雏鸡和CIAV感染雏鸡ND疫苗免疫及vNDV攻击后，其外周血液的T细胞、B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量；中枢免疫器官胸腺和法氏囊，外周免疫器官脾脏及呼吸道和消化道局部粘膜免疫组织哈德尔腺和盲肠扁桃体的ANAE〓、CD4〓、CD〓T细胞、IgG、IgM、IgA抗体生成细胞数量和CD〓与CD〓T细胞比值以及泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁的IgA、IgM、IgG含量的动态变化规律和CIAV感染对ND疫苗的免疫保护率等进行了全面系统地研究。

After Prof. Niemann retired, his research at the Institute of Machine Elements and the Gear Research Center was successfully continued first by Prof. Hans Winter and then by Prof. Bernd-Robert Hohn, who hea ded the Institute and then the Research Center.

尼曼教师退休之后，首先由机械零件学会和齿轮研究中心的Hans Winter教授继续尼曼的研究，后来又由Bernd-Robert Hohn教授继续研究，Bernd-Robert Hohn教授是学会的领导，后来成为研究中心的领导。

We have investigated the conformational features of four short peptide fragments of Staphylococcal nuclease by homonuclear two-dimensional NMR and circular dichroism with a view to examining the early events in the folding process of SNase.

中文题名金黄色葡萄球菌核酸酶折叠起始位点：N-末端短肽段的NMR研究副题名外文题名 Folding initiation sites of staphylococcal nuclease：exploring the solution conformation of N-terminal fragments by nuclear magnetic resonance 论文作者戴继勋导师王金凤研究员学科专业分子生物学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院生物物理研究所学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数68页关键词金黄色葡萄球菌核酸酶蛋白质折叠核磁共振馆藏号BSLW /2001 /Q71 /89 本论文工作用四个金黄色葡萄球菌核酸酶N-末端短片段作为新生肽链折叠的模型，用同核二维核磁共振谱和远紫外圆二色谱研究了它们的溶液构象特征。

These compounds are of substantial interest both inviewpoints of theory and practical applications, mainlyunder the stimulus to achieve synthetic models either foractive sites of iron-sulfur proteins or for transitionmetal catalysts. This thesis describes the synthesis, structures andconformations of 51 new iron-sulfur cluster complexes,which have been characterized by elemental analysis andstandard spectroscopic methods. In addition, single-crystalX-ray diffraction analyses were performed for 4 representa-tive new compounds. Reactivities of μ-〓 with mono- and di- Grig-nard reagents derived intermediates toward various organicelectrophilic substrates were studied, along with complexa-tion of arynyl-containing iron-sulfur clusters by 〓Thus, several bridged, non-bridged, monomeric, dimeric,homonuclear, heteronuclear iron-sullfur and iron-sulfur co-balt-carbon cluster complexes were synthesized. A novelreaction and convenient route for the synthesis in highyield of tetranuclear iron complexes 〓 containing atetracoordinated sulfur atom was discovered, whereas aplausible mechanism based on experimental results was propo-sed for the formation of the new cluster type.

鉴于有机铁硫原子簇化学在基础理论发展和应用方面的重要意义，因此我们开展了这一课题的研究，并取得以下主要成果： 1、本文共合成了51个新有机铁硫及含钴碳簇基的有机铁硫原子簇配合物，除用元素分析，NMR，IR，MS法表征其结构和构象外，还用X-光衍射技术测得四个代表性配合物的单晶结构和构象； 2、我们业已发现炔基Grignard试剂同〓可形成一种&开环&与&闭环&中间物的平衡混合物，研究该平衡混合物同各种亲电试剂的反应； 3、研究发现了一种可高产率地形成〓含〓四配位硫挛合簇的新化学反应并对此反应提出了—种有趣的反应机理； 4、首次由1，4-二溴丁烷双Grignard试剂与〓制得一种新型铁硫簇双硫阴离子活性中间体，并进而研究了它的亲核反应性能； 5、找到了通过〓的光化学反应来合成簇合物〓-〓的一条有实用价值的新路线。

Dr. Regier, executive director of the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education, oversees all federal and industry-sponsored research and research training grants in the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education but reports receipt of no external salary, funding, or honoraria from any government or industry sources.

Regier医师，美国精神机构研究与教育执行主任，监督所有於美国精神医学机构研究与教育部门，由联邦与药厂赞助的研究和研究训练经费，但是表示未接受任何外在薪资、经费赞助、或是任何政府部门或药厂的谢礼。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。