研究...

The second chapter analyzed its phylogeny, contrasted and classified the conformation in terms of the ancient period of external and internal and the modern times. The third chapter concluded the mainstream trend of transformation in contemporary days and sum up the character. Proceed with the basic patterns, the fourth chapter discussed the skills and technique of entrance space design concretely and practically. From the point of environment theory, the last chapter studied its meaning and function to surrounding quality, further advanced the ingression from a architectural element to a broad conception in city design.Combined with excellent examples of famous architect home and abroad, this thesis push forward its research to the skills and techniques of entrance space design.

全文共分五章，第一章阐述开展研究的背景，界定相关概念，提出研究方法与意义；第二章对于入口的沿革历程进行研究，并按外国古代建筑时期、中国古代建筑时期以及近现代建筑时期的分类方式对入口空间形态的发展衍变进行分析与对比；第三章对当代主流建筑现象进行分析，总结其特征，从类型学的角度分析其界定原型，从纷繁芜杂的建筑现象中归纳出当代建筑入口空间形态的发展变化趋势；第四章从入口形态的基本模式入手，具体而实际的探讨了入口形态的设计手法与技巧；第五章从建筑环境理论的角度，将入口空间这一建筑构成语素提升到城市设计领域，研究了其对于城市环境品质的作用与意义，以期在具体实践过程中激发设计者拓宽思路，创造宜人的可持续发展的环境。

Actuarial science applies mathematical methods in insurance and is a science between applied mathematics and insurance. Bonus-malus system of automobile insurance is an important topic in actuarial science. Markov chain, Bayes theory, the theory of delay differential equation and dynamic programming are used to study BMS, especially optimal BMS, of automobile third-party liability insurance in this dissertation, which is organized as follows:First, we study the properties of Chinese present BMS.

精算学是将数学方法应用于金融保险所形成的一套理论体系，是应用数学研究领域和金融保险研究领域这两者之间的一个边缘学科，汽车保险奖惩系统是现代精算学中的一个重要研究课题，本文主要用马尔可夫链、贝叶斯理论、时滞微分方程理论与动态规划等研究汽车第三者责任保险奖惩系统，特别是最优奖惩系统。

In the second place, this paper uses the financial data reported by China's private listed companies and statistical analysis skills to test the theories and hypotheses. The research collects all required data from 2000 to 2002, examines the profit ability, the gain ability, the repay ability, and the cost control ability for all sampling listed companies by using Paired-Samples T test in the quantitative analysis section. The results show that these listed companies'profit decreases, income increases, repay ability enhances after the companies go public. Finally the paper takes the non-operating expenses as the illustrating index for the cost control capability of the companies to demonstrate that there is an obvious increase of non-operating expenses after getting great amount of money in IPO, in this sense it can be stated that there is the intendancy of low capital utility rate in private companies.

研究选用了描述性统计分析方法对样本企业IPO前后时段的财务指标进行了对比考查，并运用配对样本t检验方法进行了显著性检验，研究结果表明民营企业在IPO前后的盈利水平总体上是显著下降的；同时研究也显示虽然获利水平出现了小幅上升，但这是由于企业通过IPO融资增加了投资规模导致的；企业的偿债能力在IPO之后有明显的好转；研究最后以营业外支出作为企业成本控制能力的解释指标，发现企业在IPO上市融得大量资金后对主营业务以外的支出有明显的增多，可以判断民营企业存在资本利用效率低下的现象。

With the proceeding of modern cognitive psychology and implicit memory, there"s a intergradation between social psychology and cognitive psychology, a new subject named implicit social cognition is then set up. It emphasizes the process of social cognition and mental processing in social context. As the importance of attitude in social cognition, the study of implicit attitude is currently the necessary issue to be resolved.There"re two sections in this dissertation.

随着现代认知心理学和内隐记忆研究的兴起，社会心理学和认知心理学出现了融合的趋势，形成了对内隐社会认知研究的探讨，注重对社会认知过程及个体在社会环境中的心理加工过程，基于态度在社会认知中的重要作用，内隐态度的研究成为目前内隐社会认知研究的前沿问题。

In this paper, resource and feature of three-dimensional data model to the arch tunnel and interior installation are mainly researched; design thinking of the arch tunnel model is given out; algorithms of three-dimensional model about tunnel body and the joint part of the adjacent to tunnel body are achieved; in addition, relevance algorithms of texture mapping technology to interior in tunnel body and three-dimensional model of interior installation of tunnel are also researched.

主要研究了拱形巷道及其内部设备三维建模的数据来源和特点；给出了拱形巷道建模的设计思路；研究了实现巷道体和相邻巷道体之间连接处三维建模的算法；另外也研究了实现巷道体内部纹理贴图技术及巷道内部设备三维建模的相关算法；研究了实现三维巷道漫游的算法。

Visual Rice Growth Models system represented an effort to design crop modeling software with object-oriented paradigm and to organize classes in system with model-document-view architecture. Firstly, the crop-environment system was abstracted as many subsystems and physiological processes with object-oriented paradigm while many classes were established to simulate the behaviors of these subsystems and physiological processes. In VRGM, the document-view architecture in Visual C++ was extended as model-document-view architecture for agricultural integrated system. In the model-document-view architecture, document gets the final simulation results by manipulating the models classes and acts as a communicating intermediacy between model and view. Views display the simulation results and translate users' operation and data entering to document. The architecture separates the domain models, data management and user interface.

中文题名可视水稻生长模型与智能栽培专家系统的研制副题名外文题名 Studies on visual rice growth models and cultivation expert system of computational intelligence 论文作者米湘成导师邹应斌研究员学科专业作物栽培学与耕作学研究领域\研究方向作物模拟与专家系统学位级别博士学位授予单位湖南农业大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数64页关键词作物生长模拟生长模型水稻馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S126 /2 本研究系国家"九五"攻关项目"水稻大面积高产综合配套技术研究与示范"课题的子专题，并结合水稻高产栽培技术资料和水稻专家的知识、经验以及科研成果，研制成了可视水稻生长模型(Visual Rice Growth Models，VRGM)及水稻高产栽培专家系统，并在此基础上进一步利用人工神经网络模型、模糊逻辑技术和田间栽培试验，对生长模型和专家系统进行了改进。

Researchers led by Hilary Tindle, an internist at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, analyzed eight years of data on 97,253 women, age 50 and over, participating in the Women's Health Initiative, a 15-year study launched in 1991 by the National Institutes of Health.

来自匹兹堡大学医疗中心（University of Pittsburgh Medical Center）的内科医生Hilary Tindle领导了一项研究，在这项研究中，共有97253名年龄在50岁以及以上的妇女参加了美国国家健康研究所于1991年发起的为期15年的名为"妇女健康计划"的研究，研究人员分析了其中8年的数据。

We give the total condition of TEM study include technology,theory,instrument and application,the theory study mainly include forward calculation method,inverse problem and data processing scheme.

对国内外瞬变电磁法的方法研究概况、理论研究、仪器状况以及在应用领域的研究进展情况做出了综述性评价。瞬变电磁法的理论研究主要涉及正演方法、反演方法、资料处理方法。

This dissertation firstly introduces the principles of four kinds of simple gridding methods, which are"Linear interpolation based on triangulation","Inverse distance weighted and averaged method","Modified Shepard's method"and"Multiquardirc method". Secondly, it researches the Ordinary Kriging method for geophysical irregular data, which mainly includes the base knowledge of region change and variogram and the principle of Ordinary Kriging method. Thirdly, it researches the Inverse Interpolation for geophysical irregular data, which mainly includes the principle of inverse interpolation and its iterative algorithm, and the principle of Inverse Interpolation to realize the gridding of geophysical data. Finally, it uses these gridding methods to grid theoretical model data of potential field and raw aeromagnetic data, and compares and analyzes the gridding results.

本文首先简单介绍了地球物理不规则分布数据的四种简单网格化方法(即基于三角网的线性插值法、反距离加权平均法、改进的Shepard方法和多元二次函数法)的方法原理；接着，重点研究了地球物理不规则分布数据网格化的普通克里金法，主要研究了区域变化量、变差函数的基础知识和普通克里金法的方法原理；之后，重点研究了地球物理不规则分布数据网格化的反插值法，主要研究了反插值法的方法原理和迭代求解算法，以及反插值法实现地球物理数据网格化的原理；最后，应用这些方法对理论位场模型和实际航磁数据进行了试验、对比和分析。

In our thesis, contents are organized as following In Chapter 1 we present our topic's internal and overseas research situations, theoretical and practical significance, and introduce the research object and contents, and the main contributions of this dissertation. Chapter 2 reviews the development of the stability results for nonlinear systems and some relevant recent results, which include Lyapunov and LaSalle-Yoshizawa theorems for nonlinear systems, and stochastic edition for stochastic nonlinear systems. Sontag's formula for systems affine in control is presented in the frame of CLF. The concepts of disturbance attenuation and the inverse optimality are also explained in this Chapter. In chapter 3 we present the solvable theorem of inverse optimal gain assignment problem, design the inverse optimal controller and the inverse optimal tracking controller for strict-feedback nonlinear continuous systems with unknown time-varing bounded disturbances and constant unknown parameters using an adaptive backstepping algorithm, which are nonlinear, continuous and are easier to realize. These designs are fully systematic and the algorithm can be directly coded in symbolic software. The results of simulation show the effectiveness of the control algorithms.

论文的结构如下：在第1章中，给出了本文研究课题的研究现状、理论意义和实际应用，并介绍了本文的研究对象、研究内容以及主要贡献；在第2章中，针对确定性非线性系统和随机非线性系统，分别介绍了Lyapunov定理、LaSalle-Yoshizawa定理及其随机版本；对仿射系统，在控制Lyapunov函数框架下，给出了Sontag公式；同时给出了非线性系统扰动抑制和逆最优控制问题的基本概念；在第3章中，针对具有未知时变有界扰动和未知定常参数的一类不确定非线性系统，给出并证明了逆最优增益配置可解定理，使用自适应Backstepping算法和均值定理，系统地设计了自适应逆最优控制器和逆最优跟踪器，这种设计方法可同时获得逆最优控制策略和自适应律，简单明了，仿真结果表明该控制算法的有效性，并给出了性能估计。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！