砂质泥灰岩

Hybrids of carbonate and terrigenous sediments Carbonate with terrigenous sediments are of characteristic from Emsian to Eifelian in stable shallow-sea faciesregion in Longmenshan area, and they can be classified evidently into hybrid Ⅰ and hybrid Ⅱ(Jingbaoshi-type). Type Ⅰ produced in mud shelf setting occupied hundreds of tempestite beds in which bottom cast、 hummocky cross bedding sandstones、 coquina were inter-beddded with shales that beared a great deal of verm traces、 bioturbations、 benthic communities dominative of brachiopods. Type Ⅱ in sand-mud-marl shelf was characterized by high-energy foreshore sandbeach facies and shelly bank facies.

碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积方面对微相、相特征、旋回样式、沉积机理研究表明，龙门山地区泥盆纪稳定浅海相区Emsian期和Eifelian期混合沉积十分发育，颇具特色，明显可以划分为两种类型：混积Ⅰ型，泥质陆棚背景下发育风暴沉积组构，幕式风暴期产生具丘状层理、底流冲刷构造的钙质砂岩、介壳岩，平息期则形成具大量虫管和生物扰动的深灰色、黄绿色页岩及海百合茎灰岩，腕足动物等大量繁盛；混积Ⅱ型，砂泥灰质陆棚背景下以发育高能前滨沙滩及生物介屑滩为特色，近滨至陆棚的砂泥灰互为混合，三者比例接近，肉眼难以区别确切岩石类型。

The oil shale of this area have four types, including mudstone, calcareous mudstone containing silty band, marlite and shale, and the former two are main types. The recoverable oil shale composed of 50% low-grade, 42% middle-grade and 8% highgrade oil shale. All of them are high-ash oil shale.

油页岩类型有泥岩、具粉砂质条带的含钙-钙质泥岩、泥灰岩和页岩4种类型，以前两者为主；低品级油页岩体积分数为50％，中品级油页岩体积分数为42％，高品级油页岩体积分数为8％，均属高灰分油页岩。

For Goupitan Hydropwer Station on Wujiang River,over 1 200 anti-uplift anchor pile s are arranged in the water cushion pool to anchor the non-uniform soft rock strata composed of shale,clay rock,silty clay rock,thin layer of marlite and less medium-fine calcareous sandstones etc.

乌江构皮滩水电站水垫塘部位布置了1200多根抗浮锚桩，对页岩、粘土岩、粉砂质粘土岩，及夹薄层泥灰岩和少量中细粒钙质砂岩等不均质软岩层软岩进行锚固，原设计锚桩的间距为2.2m，为了优化设计，缩短工期，在施工前进行了4根锚桩原位抗拔试验，根据锚桩在抗拔过程中周边一定范围内岩体变形沿径向的分布规律，及破坏时裂隙的扩展形态和范围，确定了锚桩的间距，在此基础上提出了锚桩间距的优化方案，并应用于工程施工。

To No. 20 are respectively black mudstone, black mudstone ( Caitun mining area of Benxi Basin,Paleozoic), dark grey gangue (Caitun mining area of Benxi Basin, Paleozoic), brown shale(Caitun mining area of Benxi Basin, Paleozoic), brown grey shale(The West Opencut Coal Mine of Fushun Basin, Cenozoic), grey silty mudstone(Haizhou Opencut Coal Mine of Fuxin Basin, Mesozoic), black grey gangue(Haizhou Opencut Coal Mine of Fuxin Basin, Mesozoic), grey yellow clay(Jianping County, Chaoyang City, its era to be determined), grey silicon slate( Qianshan Mountain of Anshan City, pre-Paleozoic), grey phyllite(Qianshan Mountain of Anshan City, pre-Paleozoic), granite-gneiss(Qianshan Mountain of Anshan City, pre-Paleozoic), granite(Mount Yiwulu, its era to be determined), diorite(Mount Yiwulu, its era to be determined), black basalt(The West Opencut Coal Mine of Fushun Basin, Cenozoic), dark purple andesite( Mount Guiyunhua of Zhuanghe City, Mesozoic), fragment of brick-tile-pottery-porcelain( from the building site of Panjin City), coal cinder( from the boiler room of Heji Road of Panjin City), cement( from the building site of Panjin City) and slag (from Bohai Stockroom of Liaohe Oilfield produced in Anshan City).

2-20号样品分别是黑色泥岩、黑色泥岩、深灰色煤矸石、褐色页岩、褐灰色油页岩、灰色粉砂质泥岩(阜新海州露天矿、中生代)、黑灰色煤矸石(阜新海州露天矿、中生代)、灰黄色膨润土、灰色硅质板岩、灰色千枚岩、花岗片麻岩、花岗岩、闪长岩、黑色玄武岩、暗紫色安山岩、砖瓦陶瓷碎片、粉煤灰、水泥、矿渣(鞍山产、取自辽河油田渤海库)，这19个样品用来代表工业、采矿、冶炼、建筑等行业产生的固体废弃物。

Le Dracula is the main group for the ash, glaucum, purplish red basalt and andesite, fine-grained tuff, crystal-tuff debris, ash-tuff, tuffaceous siltstone, tuffaceous silty mudstone uneven beds, rocks folder jasper , Ansan porphyrite and long-sandstone and siltstone.

太勒古拉组主要为灰、灰绿、紫红色玄武岩、安山岩、细粒凝灰岩、晶屑沉凝灰岩、火山灰沉凝灰岩、凝灰质粉砂岩、凝灰质粉砂质泥岩不均匀互层，夹碧玉岩、安山玢岩及长石砂岩、粉砂岩。

The Neoproterozoic Jiuliqiao Formation in Huainan region is 40-70m thick, consists of sandy, silty and dolomitic limestone.

淮南地区新元古代九里桥组主要由泥质、砂质灰岩和白云质灰岩构成，厚度40—70m。

The lithology of the hanging wall is fine-grained sandstone, sandstone and shale in Cambrian, and dolomite, dolomitic limestone of Devonian in foot wall. The main ground rupture is located at the boundary of two stratums.

主断裂的地表破裂集中位于两个地层的不整合面上，上盘为寒武系细砂岩、砂页岩，下盘为泥盆系白云岩、白云质灰岩。

The absorption spectrum center wavelength of dolomite is near 232 μm is shorter than 235 μm of limestone,and thus RBD7 and RBD8 can be employed effectively to identify dolomite and limestone,respectively. Felsic rocks show AlOH and Fe3+ absorption characteristics in the VNIRSWIR region,while the maficultramafic rocks show Fe2+ and Fe,MgOH absorption features,hence the use of different valence state of iron and secondary minerals can distinguish them:ASTER band2/band1 represent Fe3+ distribution,ASTER band2/band1 represent the Fe2+ distribution,RBD6 can estimate the AlOH mineral abundance. Psammitic/pelitic schist containing phengite,chlorite,stilpnomelane,as well as the weathered surface covered by clay minerals,exist characteristic absorption spectrum in the 221 μm(band 6),and has a high reflectance in 165 μm(band 4),while the blueschist/greenschist show high reflectance in the 221 μm(band 6),and it exit low reflectance in 165 μm(band 4),and blueschist/greenschist appear low ASTER band4/band6 ratio.

白云岩的CO2-3吸收谱带中心波长位于232〖KG*3〗μm，与灰岩的CO2-3 吸收谱带中心波长位置235 μm相比，具有向短波长方向移动的特点，据此可以利用RBD7、RBD8分别有效的识别白云岩和灰岩；长英质岩石显示AlOH和Fe3+ VNIRSWIR吸收特征，而基性超基性岩石显示Fe2+和Fe、MgOH特征，利用不同的铁价态和次要矿物可以区分它们：ASTER band2/band1代表了含Fe3+矿物分布信息、ASTER band5/band4代表了含Fe2+矿物分布信息、RBD6可以估计AlOH矿物的丰度；砂质/泥质片岩含较多的多硅白云母、绿泥石、黑硬绿泥石以及风化后表面覆盖的其它粘土矿物，在221 μm（band 6）存在有特征的吸收谱带，并且在165 μm（band 4）具有较高的反射率，而蓝片/绿片岩在221 μm（band 6）反射率较高，不具有明显特征吸收谱带，同时其在165 μm（band 4）反射率较低，因此蓝片/绿片岩ASTER band4/band6 比值低。

The Eogene in Jiyang depression developed various of lacustrine shale, mudstoneand shaly carbonate rock, such as black shale, laminar shale riched in organic matter,calcite laminar shale, calcite shale, mud shale , laminar carbonate rock, and calcareous,silty, dolomitic, carbonaceous mudstone with the colour varied from gray-black topurple-red.

济阳坳陷古近系发育多种湖相泥岩、页岩和泥灰岩，包括黑页岩、富有机质纹层页岩、钙质纹层页岩、灰色钙质页岩、灰色页岩、纹层状泥灰岩以及从灰黑到紫红的各种颜色的钙质、云质、碳质和粉砂质泥岩。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。