砂的

In this paper, some methods to determine the hole cleaning degree are introduced, based on the standpipe pressure, the clearance pipe pressure, the state of clearance pipe outlet, and the voice of clearance pipe.

文中介绍了几种判断井眼净化程度的方法，即利用立压、排砂管压力、排砂管出口状态及排砂管线声音。

The study shows that the advantageous sandstones in the area have the following distribution characteristics: in the environment of growth faults, sandstones are mainly distributed in the downthrown block of a boundary fault; in a lowstand systems tract, sandstones are mainly distributed in lowstand wedges, slope fans, basin-floor fans, fan deltas, deltas and submarine canyons; in a transgressive systems tract, sandstones are mainly distributed in sandbars and sand-beaches; and in a highstand systems tract, sandstones are mainly distributed in deltas, fan deltas and submarine fans.

并指出有利砂体的分布特征：低水位体系域，砂体主要分布在低水位楔、斜坡扇和盆底扇；高水位体系域，主要分布在三角洲、扇三角洲、海底扇和峡谷水道。研究表明，以层序地层学理论为指导，划分层序和体系域，进而对有利砂体进行预测，对该地区油气勘探有重要指导意义。

And after analyzing the heterogeneity of sand body, point the minor channels, especially, have important influence on the intraformational oil-flooding direction, forming and distribution of remaining oil because of their function as barrier, breaking fluid and poor permeability in fluvial sand body.

通过非均质性研究，进一步揭示了单一河道砂体内部非均质性，特别是次分流河道砂体的分布，在河道砂体内起到遮挡、阻流、特低渗透等作用，对层内水驱油方向、剩余油形成与分布具有重要影响。

Therefore,tapping potencial of remaining oil to improving oil recovery,the recognition of reservoir intraformational heterogeneity in channel sandbodies is proposed and the main targets of reservoir IOR in channel sandbodies of mature oilfields are pointed out as follows:①shutting off strongly-waterflooded intervals to control ineffective circulation of injected water;②strengthening water washing in medium-waterflooded intervals in order to achieve the aimed waterflood efficiency and even to exceed it;③enhancing injection-production consistency and injector-producer ratio of non-waterflooded or weakly-waterflooded intervals for the propose of realizing effective displacement and imporving conforma nce.

根据我国东部主力油田储层绝大多数都属于河道砂体，注水开发进入高含水阶段后，层内剩余油超过层间剩余油，层内矛盾上升为主要矛盾这一特点，从挖掘层内剩余油潜力出发，提出要重新认识河流砂体储层层内非均质性，并指出高含水期河流砂体储层改善采油目标主要有：①封堵强水洗段，控制注入水无效循环；②加大中水洗段注水冲洗强度，达到目标水驱效率，并有可能超过目标效率；③提高未、弱水洗段的注采对应程度和注采井数比，达到有效驱替，提高波及程度。

In Salsola passerina -Reaumuria soongorica community, the first ordination axes explains the salinization gradient, along the order of Caragana tibetica community,Salsola passerina-Oxytropis aciphylla community,and Reaumuria soongorica-Salsola passerine community,soil alkalization increases. The second ordination axis explains soil structure gradient, along the order of Caragana tibetica community, Reaumuria soongorica-Salsola passerina community and Salsola passerina community, soil texture becomes coarser. In the Stipa breviflora-Stipa grandis community, the first ordination axis indicates the soil water gradient, and the second ordination axes explains hydrothermal coupling gradient. In the Prunus mongolica-Ulmus glaucescens community, the first ordination axis explains the soil pH gradient, along the order of Ulmus glaucescens-Prunus mongolica community, Prunus mongolica-Potentilla fruticosa community, and Potentilla fruticosa-Prunus mongolica community, soil pH value reduces. The second ordination axis explains soil structure gradient, along the order Prunus mongolica-Ulmus glaucescens community, and Prunus mongolica-Potentilla fruticosa community, the contents of silt and clay increase, and soil texture suggests a fine trend.

在珍珠猪毛菜-红砂群落，第一排序轴反映了土壤盐碱化梯度，沿着藏锦鸡儿群落—珍珠猪毛菜、猫头刺群落—珍珠猪毛菜、红砂群落序列，土壤盐碱化程度不断增强；第二排序轴则反映了土壤结构梯度，沿着藏锦鸡儿群落—珍珠猪毛菜、红砂群落—珍珠猪毛菜、猫头刺群落序列，土壤质地逐渐粗化；在短花针茅-大针茅群落，第一排序轴反映了土壤水分梯度，第二排序轴反映了海拔梯度上的水热组合梯度；在蒙古扁桃-灰榆群落，第一排序轴反映了土壤pH梯度，沿着灰榆、蒙古扁桃群落—蒙古扁桃、金露梅群落—蒙古扁桃群落序列，土壤pH值逐渐下降；第二排序轴主要反映了土壤结构梯度，沿着蒙古扁桃群落—灰榆、蒙古扁桃群落—蒙古扁桃、金露梅群落序列，土壤中粉粒、粘粒含量逐渐增加，土壤质地呈细化趋势。

In Salsola passerina-Reaumuria soongoriea community, the first ordination axes explains the salinization gradient. along the order of Caragana tibetica community, Salsola passerina-Oxytropis aciphylla community, and Reaumuria soongorica-Salsola passerine community, soil alkalization increases. The second ordination axis explains soil structure gradient, along the order of Caragana tibetica community, Reaumuria soongorica-Salsola passerina community and Salsola passerina community, soil texture becomes coarser. In the Stipa breviflora-Stipa grandis community, the first ordination axis indicates the soil water gradient, and the second ordination axes explains hydrothermal coupling gradient. In the Prunus mongolica-Ulmus glaucescens community, the first ordination axis explains the soil pH gradient, along the order of Ulmus glaucescens-Pnuius mongolica community, Prunus mongolica-Potentilla fruticosa community, and Potentilla fnuicosa-Prunus mongolica community, soil pH value reduces. The second ordination axis explains soil structure gradient, along the order Prunus mongolica-Ulmus glaucescens community, and Prunus mongolica-Potentilla fruticosa community, the contents of silt and clay increase, and soil texture suggests a fine trend.

在珍珠猪毛菜－红砂群落，第一排序轴反映了土壤盐碱化梯度，沿着藏锦鸡儿群落－珍珠猪毛菜、猫头刺群落－珍珠猪毛菜、红砂群落序列，土壤盐碱化程度不断增强；第二排序轴则反映了土壤结构梯度，沿着藏锦鸡儿群落－珍珠猪毛菜、红砂群落－珍珠猪毛菜、猫头刺群落序列，土壤质地逐渐粗化；在短花针茅－大针茅群落，第一排序轴反映了土壤水分梯度，第二排序轴反映了海拔梯度上的水热组合梯度；在蒙古扁桃－灰榆群落，第一排序轴反映了土壤pH梯度，沿着灰榆、蒙古扁桃群落－蒙古扁桃、金露梅群落－蒙古扁桃群落序列，土壤pH值逐渐下降；第二排序轴主要反映了土壤结构梯度，沿着蒙古扁桃群落－灰榆、蒙古扁桃群落－蒙古扁桃、金露梅群落序列，土壤中粉粒、粘粒含量逐渐增加，土壤质地呈细化趋势。

240 Meters core of 9 wells has been observed carefully and described delicately .it canbe divided 9 subfacies and 12 microfacies and it is considered that oil set C6 is composed ofbraided delta environment. the major type of sub-facies are deltaic front and predelta. Thesubaqueous distributary channel sand and distributary mouth bar are the major type of sand.

对长 6 油层组 9 口取心井进行岩心观察与描述，识别出 9 种层理和 12 种岩相，并结合测井资料研究，认为本研究区总体上为辫状河三角洲沉积体系，主要发育三角洲前缘亚相和前三角洲亚相，并划分了 6 种沉积微相，其储集砂体主要为三角洲前缘的水下分流河道砂体和河口坝砂体。

An experiment on artificial soils consisting of peat , sand and cooking coal ash suggests that the optimum ratio of peat and sand lor best growth and fertilizer efficiency is 75:25 or 50:50 in volume for Chrysanthemum and Tagetes erecta .

用泥炭、河砂和煤渣分别组成花卉营养土的试验表明，泥炭与河砂以75∶25或50∶50容积比例组成的基质对黄菊和万寿菊的效果最好，肥料效率也最高，煤渣的效果明显低于河砂；从组分的细度看，河砂以粒径2—0.15mm最好，煤渣在使用前除去过细部分会大大提高其利用价值。

Aimed at the complexity of fluvial strata, such measures as well cyclical comparison, step control and geological analysis of reference beds have been applied. Moreover the paper has developed a set of methods the techniques to extract the parameters controlling the formation of intra-sandbody thin interbeds. The present study has examined how thin interbeds affect the frame property and heterogeneity of individual sandbodies; revealed the permeability space distribution mode of meandering distributary channel's single side lithosomic body and straight distributary channel's aggrading lithosomic body. Through applying the distributary channel sandbody structural unit classifying and identifying method achievement, some horizontal wells have been deployed to dig the residual oil in the top of hick pay zone in the xing8-9 area, which shows better effect after they have been put into production.

针对分流河流砂体沉积特点采用了旋回对比、分级控制、不同相带区别对待的单油层对比方法；利用取心井、对子井等资料研究形成了分流河道砂体内部结构单元的倾角、倾向、规模等参数的提取方法；搞清了内部结构单元对单一砂体内非均质性的控制作用，建立了分流平原相单一点坝侧积体及顺直型分流河道单一加积体层内渗透率分布模式及剩余油分布模式，应用分流河道砂体结构单元划分方法识别研究成果，在杏树岗油田杏八九区纯油区部署了水平井，投产后见到了较好的厚油层顶部剩余油挖潜效果。

Based on core datum,logging informations,seismic datum and geological datum,the author constructs the sedimentary mode of Chang 61 in the area and compartmentalizes five microfacies including subaqueous distributary channel,interd...

以岩心资料、测井资料、地质资料为基础，结合沉积物粒度分析、岩心观察、取心井岩性和砂体分布特征，建立了吴旗地区长61储层的沉积相模式，并将沉积微相细分为水下分流河道、分流间、远砂坝、席状砂、河口坝5种微相类型。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。