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From the sequence correlation requiring of Turbo codes coding and decoding, correlation of sequence is proposed as a criterion to design interleaver, a good interleave scheme called clinodiagonal interleaver is obtained.

从Turbo码距离特性解释了Turbo码的性能，由于分量码采用递归系统卷积码，具有码距拖尾性，使得交织器长度为N的Turbo码能使误码率降低到卷积码的1/N。

Prange first began to study cyclic codes over finite field in 1957 and Berkelamp first began to investigate negacyclic codes over finite field in 1968,but the codes over finite rings didnt received much attention until the 1990s due to the works of Nechaev in 1991 and Hammons in 1994,which showed that well-known nonlinear codes such as Kerdock and Preparata codes are constructed from linear codes over finite rings.

Prange(1957)和Berkelamp(1968)分别首先开始研究有限域上的循环码和负循环码，直到上世纪90年代，Nechaev(1991)和Hammons(1994)通过有限环上的线性码构造出著名的非线性码如Kerdock码和Preparata码，有限环上的码才受到广泛关注。

Some common used channel codes are introduced, and emphasis is placed on linear block codes, cyclic codes, BCH codes, RS codes, convolutional codes and the promising turbo codes, which is planned to be implemented in the third locomotive communication systems. Their performance is analysed and compared. And some method to reduce errancy is submitted, also the interleaved technique is introduced.

文章介绍了几种常用的信道编译码方案，如线性分组码，循环码，BCH码，RS码，卷积码等，分析和比较了它们的性能，并对第三代移动通信系统的选用码Turbo码作了简要介绍，对提高纠错性能提出了若干改进方案，同时介绍了交织技术减少差错的作用。

Finally it mathematically calculates the CRC at bit and byte level and deducts a 16-bit CRC. The calculation and deduction consolidate the CRC theory. Chapter three also introduces the modulation by two, CRC polynomial, reflection polynomial applied in noise environment and the relationship between reflection polynomial and general polynomial.

第三章首先阐述了循环冗余码与循环码的关系——循环冗余码是一种短循环码、循环冗余码具有所有循环码的很多性质；然后，简单介绍循环冗余码的编码、译码原理和实现；最后，从普通数学的角度，分别用按比特、按字节求解CRC，详细推导了校验码宽度为16的CRC的理论过程，进一步为循环冗余码的研究提供有力的理论基础。

For k≥1, an isometry φ between codes over Zsubscript P(superscript k+1 and codes over Z(subscript P^2) is introduced and used to give a generalization of the Gray map φ: Z(superscript n subscript 4)→F(superscript 2n subscript 2). Furthermore, by means of this isometry, the concept of negacyclic codes is extended to codes over the ring Zsubscript P(superscript k+1. A characterization of these codes in terms of their images under φ is given. It is also shown that the generalized Gray map image of the 1-P(superscript k-cyclic code is a distance-invariant quasi-cyclic code.

文章引入了Z下标 P(上标 k+1码和Z(下标 P^2)码之间的等距同构φ(k≥1)；利用φ把Gray映射φ：Z(上标 n 下标 4)→F(上标 2n 下标 2)推广为φ：；而且利用φ，负循环码概念被推广到Z下标 P(上标 k+1码，得到了1-P(上标 k-循环码；依据等距同构φ，给出了这些码的表示；也证明了1-P(上标 k-循环码在推广的Gray映射下的像是距离不变的准循环码。

PVC Card - Business card printing 】If the computer is a fangzheng system of typesetting software, can be very simple to solve the problem of Chinese phonetic alphabet, but if you PC or Mac machines pageMaker software are in trouble, now provides an introduction to the manufacturing process: the case of a PC, first select the 区位码 input method, open the soft keyboard and click the right mouse button to eject a series of Arrange menu, select "" pinyinhome, in which case the menu appears on the soft keyboard such as iūǖā Osaka macron, and so on, the initial consonant of the four pinyinhome to enter the double-click its initials to PageMaker.

如果电脑是耿介编制的排版软件，能很单一不天处置汉语拼音题目，而如果在PC或Mac机的pageMaker软件洋则是较便当的事，不隐简略引见其制作历程：如是PC机，首不后拔取区位码不输入法，敞开软键盘并点击鼠标右键，弹出一系列摆列菜单，拔取"拼音"菜单，这时软键盘上出不隐如āōēiūǖ等不韵母的四声拼音，双击其不韵母即可不输入到PageMaker洋。

At last, By using the factorization properties of cyclotomic polynmials on finite fields and the construction characteristic of cyclic codes, we present the relation of the period distribution of cyclic codes and the period distribution of their dual codes, establish the explicit formula for the number of the codewords without inner-period of the cyclic codes and their dual codes, find the method for computing the dimension and the period distribution of narrow-sense primitive BCH codes,and study the inverse question of period distribution of cyclic codes.

最后，利用有限域上分圆多项式的分解特性和循环码的构造特点，揭示了循环码的周期分布与其对偶码周期分布之间的内在联系，确定了一般循环码及其对偶码内无内周期码字的精确计数公式，决定了狭义本原BCH码的维数与周期分布，讨论了循环码周期分布的反问题。

The apparatus further includes a quad-symbol mapper which quad-maps the systematic symbol streams to one symbol stream, a channel interleaver which independently interleaves the quad-mapped systematic symbol stream and the parity symbol streams, quad-demaps the quad-mapped systematic symbol stream, interlaces symbols in parity symbol streams, and serial-concatenates the quad-demapped systematic symbol stream to the interlaced parity symbol streams.

该设备还包括：四码元映射器，其将系统码元流四映射到一个码元流；信道交织器，其独立地交织四映射的系统码元流和奇偶码元流，对四映射的系统码元流进行四逆映射，交错奇偶码元流中的码元，并且将四逆映射的系统码元流串行连接为交错的奇偶码元流。

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Barker is synchronized code in digital communication. In this paper, design methods of barker 7 data transmitting card arc presented. The application background of Barker are introduced. The used methods of MCU 80C196KB and CPLD EPM7128SLC are set forth. Transmitting card is designed and implemented by using interface circuit and above-mentioned chips. The control process of barker 7 is introduced under PC parallel-port EPP mode. The partial design circuit is given, the cards is proved to achieve the generation and output of 7 Barker through practice. it can satisfy testing requirements of a certain Russian-made airborne product.

巴克码是数字通信中常用的信息同步码型；提出一种7位巴克码数据发送卡的设计方法：介绍了巴克码应用背景，阐述80C196KB单片机、EPM7128SLC可编程逻辑器件的使用方法，利用上述芯片和分立元件设计并实现7位巴克码数据发送卡；介绍了并口EEP模式下巴克码的控制过程，给出了巴克码数据发送卡部分设计电路，介绍了码型实现过程；通过实践证明了该发送卡能够实现7位巴克码的生成与输出，完全满足某型俄制机载产品测试要求。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。