矿物的

Major conclutions from this study can be summarized as following:1. On mineralogy, rutiles, apatites, epidotes and vein minerals from UHPM rocks were firstly and systematically studied, by detailed petrography and mineral-chemistry investigation, some mineral or mineral assemblage with special composions or texture were firstly found in UHPM rocks from Sulu-Dabie, for example, corrudum, magnesite, high-Ti biotite and garnet were found as inclusions in rutiles from eclogites, Nb-Fe rutile and zoned Si-Y apatite were found in gneiss, epidote / allanite with euhedral zones like magmatic genesis were found in elogites and gneiss, a lot of minerals with high REE, HFSE, LILE and volatiles were found in veins of gneiss.

在矿物学方面，首次较为系统地研究了超高压变质岩中的金红石、磷灰石、绿帘石等副矿物，并通过详细的岩相学和矿物化学研究，首次在苏鲁-大别超高压变质岩中发现了一些具有特殊成分/结构的矿物或矿物组合，如在榴辉岩金红石中发现了刚玉、菱镁矿、高钛黑云母和石榴石矿物包裹体，在片麻岩中发现了Nb-Fe金红石和具有自形环带结构的高Si-Y磷灰石，在榴辉岩和片麻岩中发现了具有类似岩浆成因的自形生长环带结构的绿帘石/褐帘石，在片麻岩的脉体中发现了大量富含稀土元素REE、高场强元素HFSE(Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti)、大离子亲石元素LILE(K、Th、U、Sr、Ba)，以及挥发性组份(CO_2、F、P、S)的特殊矿物，丰富并提升了超高压变质岩的矿物学研究。2。

Of the five stages deformation, the exact ages of the (2) and (3) were determined by 40Ar/39Ar method as 290 and 259 Ma respectively.2. New results on the metamorphic belts and associated metamorphism of the Xiaopu metamorphic rocksBased on detailed microtextural observations and occurrence of typical metamorphic minerals, five metamorphic belts in the Xiaopu metamorphic rocks are identified. From the north to the south, they are biotite belt, garnet belt, staurolite belt, andalusite belt, and sillimanite belt. I suggested that the metamorphic belts occurred in the Xiaopu area belongs to the high temperature/low pressure series, may have resulted from the later Permian crust extension at ca. 290 Ma.3. I suggest that there may have been a Carboniferous backarc basin along the southern slope of the Harlik Mountain.Detrital Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicated that the sedimentary age of the Julideneng formation lithic sandstone must be later than late Devonian, most likely is Carboniferous rather than previously thought Precambrian. Analyses on its geologic setting, location of provenance, and sedimentary environment suggest the Carboniferous strata may form in a lagged backarc basin bounded by backarc uplifts.5. Reconstruction of the post-Paleozoic tectonic evolution history of the Harlik MountainThe tectonic evolution of Harlik mountains since the Paleozoic were reconstructed as followings:(1) arc-affinity magmative activities occurred during the middle-Ordovician to early-Silurian;(2) the middle-Silurian to late-Devonian was a back-arc uplift stage;(3) back-arc extension featured the Carboniferous period;(4) post-collisional extension and/then compression during Permian;(5) at the Mesozoic, differential uplift developed; and (6) the late Cenozoic is the intra-continental re-orogen stage.6. Primary estimation of the crust shortening is madeThe folded pre-Mesozoic strata were used to estimate crust shortening along the Harliknanshankou-Koumenzi, Shichengzi-Baishitou, and Qincheng-Xiaopu sections. Their shortening ratios are 16.2%, 19.8%, and 20.1% respectively corresponding crust shortening are 4.3, 9, and 11.3 km.

根据Ar-Ar热年代学研究，精确测定了早二叠世伸展变形和晚二叠世挤压变形的峰期时代分别为290Ma和259Ma.2、提出了关于哈尔里克山南麓小铺一带变质带和变质作用的新认识根据显微观察资料和特征变质矿物的出现，把小铺一带的变质岩由SW向NE方向依次划分为黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带、红柱石带和矽线石带等变质带；初步确定该区的变质作用属于中温-低压型，变质作用发生的时代为290Ma左右，是该区早二叠世地壳伸展的产物。3、首次提出哈尔里克山南麓在石炭纪可能发育弧后盆地的新观点根据哈尔里克山南麓原"居里得能组"岩屑砂岩的碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年，确认这套地层的沉积不早于晚泥盆世，很可能是石炭纪，而不是前人所说的前寒武纪；结合对其区域地质背景、源区位置和沉积环境分析，推测该区石炭纪可能为滞后弧后盆地和弧后隆起区构造背景。4、进一步证明哈尔里克山不发育与岛弧演化相关的泥盆纪岩浆活动根据对代表性闪长岩和花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学研究获得的新资料，结合该区已有相关资料的综合研究，确定哈尔里克山岩浆岩分别形成于奥陶纪-志留纪和石炭纪晚期-二叠纪，不存在泥盆纪的岩浆岩，进而认为该区泥盆纪不属于岛弧环境。5、重建了哈尔里克山古生代以来的地质演化过程根据区域资料以及本次研究所获得的资料，把哈尔里克山古生代以来的构造演化划分中奥陶世-早志留世为岛弧、中志留世-晚泥盆世为弧后区、石炭纪弧后伸展、二叠纪为后碰撞伸展与挤压、中生代差异隆升和晚新生代陆内再造山过程等构造阶段。6、初步估算了哈尔里克山地壳缩短率和缩短量根据前中生代地层褶皱估算的哈尔里克山南山口-口门子、石城子-白石头和沁城-小铺三条剖面的地壳缩短率分别为16.2%、19.8%和20.1%，相应的地壳缩短量分别为4.3km、9km和11.3km。

Investigation of silver minerals in these ore deposits shows that the silver-bearing tetrahedrite and freibergite are among the most important or main industrial silver minerals.

按国际矿物学协会新矿物及矿物命名委员会的矿物命名原则，黝铜矿族矿物所含的Fe、Zn、Hg、Cd、Mn等不可作为矿物种的命名元素。

Now transmuted, we swiftly escape, as Nature escapes; We are Nature—long have we been absent, but now we return; We become plants, leaves, foliage, roots, bark; We are bedded in the ground—we are rocks; We are oaks—we grow in the openings side by side; We browse—we are two among the wild herds, spontaneous as any; We are two fishes swimming in the sea together; We are what the locust blossoms are—we drop scent around the lanes, mornings and evenings; We are also the coarse smut of beasts, vegetables, minerals; We are two predatory hawks—we soar above, and look down; We are two resplendent suns—we it is who balance ourselves, orbic and stellar—we are as two comets; We prowl fang'd and four-footed in the woods—we spring on prey; We are two clouds, forenoons and afternoons, driving overhead; We are seas mingling—we are two of those cheerful waves, rolling over each other, and interwetting each other; We are what the atmosphere is, transparent, receptive, pervious, impervious: We are snow, rain, cold, darkness—we are each product and influence of the globe; We have circled and circled till we have arrived home again—we two have; We have voided all but freedom, and all but our own joy.

我俩，我们被愚弄了这么久我俩，我们被愚弄了这么久，可现在变了，我们迅速逃走，像大自然一样逃走，我们就是大自然，我们离开这里已经很久，但是如今回来了，我们变成植物、树干、树叶、树根和树皮，我们被安置在地里、我们是岩石，我们是橡树，我们并排地生长在林中的空地，我们吃草，我们是野牛群中的两只，如大家一样自然，我们是在海中一起游泳的两条鱼，我们是刺槐的花朵，我们早晚在小巷周围散发香气，我们也是兽类、植物、矿物的粗劣斑点，我们是两只肉食的苍鹰，我们翱翔在高空，俯视下面，我们是两个灿烂的太阳，我们在像星球般平衡着自己，我们是两颗彗星，我们张牙舞爪地在树林巾梭巡，我们向猎物跃进，我们是午前午后在上空奔驰的两朵云，我们是交混的海洋，我们是两个欢乐的浪头，在互相浇泼和连环翻滚，我们是大气、明澈而善于接受，有时能穿透，有时不能，我们是冰雪，雨水，寒冷，黑暗，我们是地球上的每种势力和产品，我们绕了一圈又一圈，最后我们又回到家里，我俩，我们避免了—切，除了自由和我们自己的欢欣。

Based on the study of rock textures and structures, and stable isotopes of dolomite and S isotope of barite interlayers within the cap dolomite outcropped in the Miaohe area in the Three Gorge, it is testified that the stable isotopes show a strong negative excursion, and the isotopes of sulfur show a significant positive excursion, which is similar to the reported data of authigenic barites formed in a modern seafloor gas hydrate environment. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cap dolomite was most likely formed in a special environment under which a huge gas hydrate dissociated with the breakup of "Snow Earth" in later Neoproterozoic.

通过对湖北三峡庙河地区出露的&盖帽&白云岩的野外地质构造、碳－氧稳定同位素和重晶石夹层的硫稳定同位素特征的研究，发现除了明显的碳稳定同位素的负偏移之外，重晶石的硫同位素值表现出明显的正偏移，其数值可与现代海底甲烷喷气孔附近的自生重晶石矿物的同位素组成相对比，进而认为&盖帽&白云岩的成因是末元古代&雪球&事件之后天然气水合物的释放与全球环境突变背景下的沉积产物。

Of the five stages deformation, the exact ages of the (2) and (3) were determined by 40Ar/39Ar method as 290 and 259 Ma respectively.2. New results on the metamorphic belts and associated metamorphism of the Xiaopu metamorphic rocksBased on detailed microtextural observations and occurrence of typical metamorphic minerals, five metamorphic belts in the Xiaopu metamorphic rocks are identified. From the north to the south, they are biotite belt, garnet belt, staurolite belt, andalusite belt, and sillimanite belt. I suggested that the metamorphic belts occurred in the Xiaopu area belongs to the high temperature/low pressure series, may have resulted from the later Permian crust extension at ca. 290 Ma.3. I suggest that there may have been a Carboniferous backarc basin along the southern slope of the Harlik Mountain.Detrital Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicated that the sedimentary age of the Julideneng formation lithic sandstone must be later than late Devonian, most likely is Carboniferous rather than previously thought Precambrian. Analyses on its geologic setting, location of provenance, and sedimentary environment suggest the Carboniferous strata may form in a lagged backarc basin bounded by backarc uplifts.5. Reconstruction of the post-Paleozoic tectonic evolution history of the Harlik MountainThe tectonic evolution of Harlik mountains since the Paleozoic were reconstructed as followings:(1) arc-affinity magmative activities occurred during the middle-Ordovician to early-Silurian;(2) the middle-Silurian to late-Devonian was a back-arc uplift stage;(3) back-arc extension featured the Carboniferous period;(4) post-collisional extension and/then compression during Permian;(5) at the Mesozoic, differential uplift developed; and (6) the late Cenozoic is the intra-continental re-orogen stage.6. Primary estimation of the crust shortening is madeThe folded pre-Mesozoic strata were used to estimate crust shortening along the Harliknanshankou-Koumenzi, Shichengzi-Baishitou, and Qincheng-Xiaopu sections. Their shortening ratios are 16.2%, 19.8%, and 20.1% respectively corresponding crust shortening are 4.3, 9, and 11.3 km.

根据Ar-Ar热年代学研究，精确测定了早二叠世伸展变形和晚二叠世挤压变形的峰期时代分别为290Ma和259Ma.2、提出了关于哈尔里克山南麓小铺一带变质带和变质作用的新认识根据显微观察资料和特征变质矿物的出现，把小铺一带的变质岩由SW向NE方向依次划分为黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带、红柱石带和矽线石带等变质带；初步确定该区的变质作用属于中温-低压型，变质作用发生的时代为290Ma左右，是该区早二叠世地壳伸展的产物。3、首次提出哈尔里克山南麓在石炭纪可能发育弧后盆地的新观点根据哈尔里克山南麓原&居里得能组&岩屑砂岩的碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年，确认这套地层的沉积不早于晚泥盆世，很可能是石炭纪，而不是前人所说的前寒武纪；结合对其区域地质背景、源区位置和沉积环境分析，推测该区石炭纪可能为滞后弧后盆地和弧后隆起区构造背景。4、进一步证明哈尔里克山不发育与岛弧演化相关的泥盆纪岩浆活动根据对代表性闪长岩和花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学研究获得的新资料，结合该区已有相关资料的综合研究，确定哈尔里克山岩浆岩分别形成于奥陶纪-志留纪和石炭纪晚期-二叠纪，不存在泥盆纪的岩浆岩，进而认为该区泥盆纪不属于岛弧环境。5、重建了哈尔里克山古生代以来的地质演化过程根据区域资料以及本次研究所获得的资料，把哈尔里克山古生代以来的构造演化划分中奥陶世-早志留世为岛弧、中志留世-晚泥盆世为弧后区、石炭纪弧后伸展、二叠纪为后碰撞伸展与挤压、中生代差异隆升和晚新生代陆内再造山过程等构造阶段。6、初步估算了哈尔里克山地壳缩短率和缩短量根据前中生代地层褶皱估算的哈尔里克山南山口-口门子、石城子-白石头和沁城-小铺三条剖面的地壳缩短率分别为16.2%、19.8%和20.1%，相应的地壳缩短量分别为4.3km、9km和11.3km。

We could put the stone surface under the sunlight lamp or sun, granite and marble , stone products observe its reflecting surface, then could see clearly these kind of concave and strip, if it is because of the mineral, we could ignore it, but if it is because of the bad polish, then had better to avoid to purchase this kind of stone.

我们把加工好的石材表面对着太阳光或日光灯，观察反光面就可以清楚发现如图所示的各种凹坑和条痕，对于那些无规则的细小凹坑可能是由石材组成矿物的一些自身缺陷造成的，可以不去考虑，而如果在石材的表面发现一些有规律的条痕，则是由于加工质量较差造成的，选购时应尽量避免这样的石材。

We could put the stone surface under the sunlight lamp or sun, observe its reflecting surface, then could see clearly these kind of concave and strip, if it is because of the mineral, we could ignore it, but if it is because of the bad polish, then had better to avoid to purchase this kind of stone .

我们把加工好的石材表面对着太阳光或日光灯，观察反光面就可以清楚发现如图所示的各种凹坑和条痕，对于那些无规则的细小凹坑可能是由石材组成矿物的一些自身缺陷造成的，可以不去考虑，而如果在石材的表面发现一些有规律的条痕，则是由于加工质量较差造成的，选购时应尽量避免这样的石材。

Since silicate minerals are major rock-forming minerals and some silicate minerals have also very high value, so silicate minerals are the important research object of mineral processing, but because structue of silicate minerals is very complex, separation problem between silicate minerals and valuable minerals become one of difficult problems which puzzle engineers of mineral processing.

由于硅酸盐矿物是主要的造岩矿物，某些硅酸盐矿物本身还具有很高的价值，因此硅酸盐矿物是矿物加工研究的重要对象，但由于硅酸盐矿物结构复杂，故硅酸盐矿物与有用矿物之间的分离问题成为一直困扰矿物加工界的难题之一。

When skin care pioneer Peter launched his company in 1993, he improved on many of these old formulas keeping in mind the basic philosophy of the healing, and soothing, qualities of the many muds and minerals in the Thermal Springs and their important curative properties for specific medical conditions and remedies by blending 19th century recipes with 21st century skin care technologies and ingredients.

当护肤先驱彼得在1993年发射了他的公司，改善了这些老惯例记住愈合的基本的哲学的他在许多在温泉和许多泥和矿物的安慰，质量和他们的具体健康状况的重要治病的物产和补救通过混和19世纪食谱与21世纪护肤技术和成份。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。