矿产

To remain a sustainable development of various mineral resources in western Gansu province, this paper investigates related data and pointed out a series of existing problems such as disproportional exploration and utilization of mineral resources, structural shortage of mineral resources without comprehensive planning, severe waste of resources, and exacerbation of ecological and environmental pollution in mining areas.

为保障甘西地区矿产资源的可持续发展，分析了甘西地区矿产开发存在的问题，认为：矿产资源开发利用不均衡；矿产资源结构短缺开发缺乏整体规划；资源浪费现象严重；矿山生态环境污染严重。

The theory of resource exiguity is basis of researching supply security of mineral resource. The theory of security science is foundation to weigh whether supply of mineral resource is safe or not The theory of sustainable development is basic demand to research safe supply of mineral resource.

其中资源稀缺论是研究矿产资源供应安全的基础；安全科学论是衡量矿产资源供应是否安全的砝码；可持续发展论是矿产资源供应安全的基本要求；综合国力论是矿产资源供应安全的保障手段。

Minerals found in the region has 31 major categories, representing the province's mineral resources have been found in 23% and found that more than 160 types of mineral point, the proved reserves of 15 kinds of minerals, of which: ilmenite, graphite ore are domestic large mineral reserves of 6,000,000 tons and 4,000,000 tons or more; limestone, gypsum, Glauber's salt, granite and coal and other non-metallic fuel and energy resources in the northwest edge itself, which proved coal reserves of 1.068 billion tons, oil-page rock 248 million tons, 7.73 million tons of Glauber's salt, 1.17 billion tons of limestone, gypsum 140 million tons, due to a low degree of geological exploration, the comprehensive development of a low utilization rate, at present the development and utilization of mineral ores accounted for only 30% of the region, cooperating with the outside great potential for development.

全区已发现矿产9大类31种，约占全省已发现矿产的23%，发现各类矿产点160余处，探明储量的矿种15种，其中：钛铁矿、石墨矿属国内特大型矿产，储量分别为600万吨和400万吨以上；石灰石、石膏、芒硝、花岗岩和煤炭等非金属和能源燃料类资源在西北占居优势，其中煤炭探明储量10.68亿吨、油页岩2.48亿吨、芒硝773万吨、石灰岩11.7亿吨、石膏1.4亿吨，由于地质勘探程度低，综合开发利用率低，目前开发利用的矿种仅占全区矿种的30%，对外合作开发潜力巨大。

The present situation of the metallogenetic prognosis based on the Geographic Information System is described,and the basic techniques are introduced.

介绍了基于GIS的矿产资源预测现状，归纳总结了基于GIS的矿产资源预测的基本方法，在已有研究成果基础上，提出了基于GIS的矿产资源预测需要解决的关键问题，包括多源矿产地质数据的高效组织和管理，矿产资源预测中的时空数据模型，GIS矿产资源预测系统与专家知识、专家系统的结合，以及数字化的质量及效率问题等。

This paper describes the energy and mineral resources demand theory centered on capita mineral resources consumption and capita GDP S-shaped rules, mineral resources consumption intensity reverse U-shaped rules and progressive laws of wave rules for mineral resources demand, and the energy and mineral resources synthetic prediction model based on the demand theory.

中文摘要：本文介绍了以人均矿产资源消费与人均GDP"S"形规律、矿产资源消费强度变化倒"U"形规律和矿产资源需求波次递进规律等为核心的能源和矿产资源需求理论，以及以此为基础建立的能源与矿产资源需求综合预测模型；系统预测了2010-2030年全球及中国一次能源、粗钢、铜、铝需求趋势，并与其他预测方法和预测结果进行了对比，论证了这一理论模型的先进性和预测结果的可靠性。

This paper are divided into five chapters, it includes: The first chapter introduces the conception and the characteristic of mineral resources, analyses the existing situation and the problems in the course of exploitation ,and opens out the reasons and the background of taxation and fee reform.The second chapter introduces the summary and the theory of the mineral resources taxation and fee, which contains the type、the trait and the general notion of resource taxation and fee、the value theory and the property right of mineral resources、the western communal article theory、the exterior theory and so on, to help us to understand the system deeply from the root of theory.The third chapter analyzes the differences about the taxation and fee institution between the home and abroad, as well as the inspiration for us.

论文正文共分五大部分，具体情况如下：第一部分研究分析了我国矿产资源现状及其开发利用情况与存在的问题，揭示了矿产资源税费制度改革研究的背景和原因；第二部分介绍了矿产资源税费概念和相关的理论基础，包括矿产资源价值理论、矿产资源财产权理论、西方的公共物品理论、"库兹涅茨"曲线理论等，从理论根源来深层次理解矿产资源税费制度的建立；第三部分进行了中外矿产资源税费制度的比较分析，包括中外矿产资源税费制度的具体介绍，分析了它们的不同及给我们的启示；第四部分研究分析了我国矿产资源税费制度存在的问题及其原因。

Starting with analysing the inside environment of the integrated exploitation of mineral resources of Jinchang city, which is a famous Chinese"Nickel Metropolis", this paper explores the characteristics of the distribution and spatial combination of mineral resources, including their abundance, largeness, valuableness, deepness and diseonnectedness.

本文从分析金昌矿产资源综合开发的内外部环境入手，探讨了矿产资源空间组合与分布的富、大、贵、深、碎特点，矿产资源综合开发现状及存在问题，提出了矿产资源综合开发利用对策。

This paper, analyzes the present problems in the sustainable development of mineral resources, such as irrational taxation system on mineral resources, amphibolous compensation fees, unfavorable preferential taxation policy for the sustainable development of mineral resources, and presents some relevant approaches.

文章从矿产资源可持续发展现状出发，针对矿产资源可持续发展过程中存在的矿产资源税费体系不够合理，矿产资源补偿费定位不够准确，资源税缺乏可持续发展观念，现行税收优惠政策不利于矿产资源可持发展等问题，提出相关建议。

Having reviewed both domestic and international dissertations about resource pricing theories, compared domestic with foreign practices, stepped on the base of domestic realities, the author of this dissertation analyzes the pricing system of mineral resources both from theories and from its practices:First, analyzed China's current governmental pricing system and its effect on the market, and found some regulation problems such as inadequation and excession. Second, compared different mineral resources pricing methods and its effects on the market, and suggested new mineral resources pricing system for China. Third, raised some suggestion on how to regulate and manage through government administration in this new pricing system.

论文中借鉴国内外成熟的资源定价理论，对比国外通行做法，立足于国内实际，从理论和实践两方面对矿产资源的定价体系进行研究：一是分析了现行中国矿产资源政府行政定价的制度及其对市场的影响，找到部分调控影响不到、不力或过度的问题；二是比较了国内外现行不同的矿产资源定价体系及其对市场的影响，提出了适应我国经济社会发展的新矿产资源定价体系；三是科学地提出了我国在应对未来资源提价过程中如何合理发挥政府调控手段的建议。

Then the paper follows the logical mentality of deduction, uses the research method of the real analyzes, analysis the insufficiency in imputations of the criminal legislation of the mineral resources in our country. Meanwhile analysis the insufficiency of penalty, it also elaborates from two aspects: the singularity of the penalty and the lighter of the measure. At last, it analyzes the reasons of the criminal legislation of the mineral resources in our country. And it elaborates the necessity of consummation of the criminal legislation of the mineral resources from three aspects: That is crime present characteristic, security and stern situation of mine tragedy.

其次，文章依从演绎的逻辑思路，通过运用实证分析、举例分析等方法阐述了我国矿产资源刑事立法在罪名方面的不足；同时在刑罚方面从对矿产资源犯罪量刑较轻和刑罚种类单一两方面进行了论述；并对我国矿产资源刑事立法缺陷的原因进行了分析；本文还从我国矿产资源犯罪特征、安全、矿难的严峻形势等三个角度阐述了完善矿产资源刑事立法的必要性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。