石的

In this paper,the Raman spectrum were used to study sapphire,dichroite,aquamarinl,topaz and kyanite,it is found that the characteristic Raman translocations of sapphire which are caused by Al-O vibration are 413cm-1,640cm-1 and 668cm-1,the characteristic Raman translocations of dichroite which are caused by Si-O vibration are 550cm-1,662cm-1,964cm-1and 1176cm-1,the characteris.

本文通过对蓝宝石、堇青石、蓝色托帕石、海蓝宝石和蓝晶石的拉曼光谱进行测试与研究，得到蓝宝石具有由Al-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移413cm-1，640cm-1和668cm-1；堇青石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移550cm-1，662cm-1，964cm-1和1176cm-1；海蓝宝石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移678cm-1，1064cm-1，1232cm-1；蓝色托帕石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移844cm-1和924cm-1；蓝晶石具有由Si-O引起的特征拉曼位移933cm-1和1133cm-1。

The microstructure of an uvarovite sample was analyzed using SEM methods. Tiny quartz and chromite inclusions, calcite filling in microfractures and grossularite that forms a solid solution with uvarovite were discovered in the sample. This demonstrates that the uvarovite of eastern Tibet is of skarn origin. The spectral characteristics of the uvarovite were investigated using UV-VIS absorption spectrometry.

采用扫描电镜观察钙铬榴石样品的显微结构并进行能谱分析，结果表明其内部含有颗粒很小的铬铁矿和石英包裹体，以及裂隙中充填的方解石和与钙铬榴石为类质同象连续关系的钙铝榴石，从而为该钙铬榴石的夕卡岩成因和产状提供了佐证。

Otoliths remained steadily growing during metamorphoses, the number of otolith DGIs deposited after TC marks as consistant with the rearing days(p＜0.01) which validate the daily periodicity of the otolith increment deposition of Pacific tarpon leptocephali during metamorphoses. As for otolith microchemistry, Sr/Ca ratios in otolith of the fish decreased in accompany with metamorphosis, while Na/Ca ratios in otolith changed oppositely as Sr/Ca ratio.

TC萤光记号后新增的耳石轮数与饲养天数之间呈1：1的线性关系（p＜0.01），所以大眼海鲢的柳叶鱼在变态期间，耳石仍然维持一天一轮的日周性成长，变态开始发生时，耳石的轮宽急遽上升，耳石的Sr/Ca比急遽下降。

The aim of this research is to search a new route for synthesis of zeolite Beta with minimum of TEAOH or without TEAOH.

本研究的主要目的是寻找一条新的Beta沸石的合成路线，在不用或少用有机模板剂TEAOH的情况下合成Beta沸石，以降低Beta沸石的合成成本，同时还进一步考察了Beta沸石的一些催化性质及改性

Based on the crystal structure of astrophyllite , we examined the infrared spectra of monoclinic and triclinic astrophyllite s, contrast the infrared spectral features of both astrophyllite minerals, and discuss the assignments of infrared absorption frequencies.

在新测定的星叶石晶体结构资料的基础上，对星叶石矿物进行了详细的红外光谱研究，对比了单斜及三斜星叶石的红外光谱特征，并对星叶石中红外吸收振动频率的归属问题进行了讨论。

TEM shows that drying by direct heating might result in hard aggregation of the tourmaline powder, while hard aggregation might be avoided by azeotropic distillation. Raman spectroscopy reveals that there are O_H and C_H on the surfaces of the tourmaline powder obtained by azeotropic distillation, which indicates that butoxy is chemically adsorbed on the surfaces of tourmaline particles, but not adsorbed on those formed by direct drying. X_ray powder diffraction shows that the intensity of diffraction peaks decreases after grinding. There is no damage to the tourmaline crystal lattice in the process of direct heating, azeotropic distillation, or ultrafine grinding.

透射电镜分析结果表明，直接加热脱去水或正丁醇会使电气石超细颗粒发生硬团聚，而共沸蒸馏法则可有效防止硬团聚的产生；拉曼光谱结果表明，共沸蒸馏法制备的电气石粉末表面存在O—H和C—H键，说明正丁醇在颗粒表面为化学吸附，而直接干燥法得到的电气石粉末表面则没有；X射线粉晶衍射结果表明，研磨过程降低了粉末衍射峰的强度，但直接加热干燥和共沸蒸馏干燥均未破坏电气石的晶格结构。

Spring water also features:观音洞within漱玉泉washing Xinquan, pure to be learned; Beidou days inside the cave and stone pulp slurry Stephen Stephen, clean micro-Gan, considerable tension; Xianyan inside the仙泉one meter in diameter石穴, the permanent UN human consumption inside the cave, no increase or decrease throughout the year; Coccinella inside a岩隙, give birth to spring a few liters a day; in addition to milk Stephen Gan, Long nose, Shek Funamizu and so on.

雁荡山的泉水亦有特色：观音洞内的漱玉泉、洗心泉，纯净可鉴；北斗洞内的天浆泉和石髓泉，洁净微甘，颇具张力；仙岩洞内的仙泉在一米直径的石穴中，任洞内居人饮用，终年不见增减；七星洞内一处岩隙，每日生出泉水数升；此外还有甘乳泉、龙鼻水、石船水等等。

Calcium montmorillonite was prepared by purifying LeXi bentonite with wet method two times. After purification, sodium modification of Ca-M was studied. A series of Fe/Cr-pillared montmorillonites were prepared with conventional method using sodium montmorillonite as experimental materials, and synthesis condition of Fe/Cr-PILM was studied and optimized. In order to shorten the preparation cycle of PILM by overleaping the step of sodium modification of Ca-M, the pretreatment technique for Ca-M has been pointed out for the first time. A series of PILMs were prepared with hydrothermal method using pretreated Ca-M as starting materials, which show that pretreatment of Ca-M is feasible.

然后，本文以莱西膨润土为原料，用二次湿法提纯了-2μm的钙基蒙脱石，对其进行了钠化改型研究；以改型后的钠基蒙脱石为原料，新型的铁、铬复合离子为柱化剂，研究并优化了常规离子交换法制备PILM的工艺；为了简化PILM的制备工艺，我们首次提出了蒙脱石的预处理工艺，希望通过预处理后可以省去蒙脱石的钠化工艺，以Ca-M为原料直接合成PILM。

When secondary building units characteristic of zeolite Beta detected by FT-IR appeared in the reaction mixture in the absence of crystals of zeolite Beta, the pre-treatment was terminated. The aluminosilicate gel with seconding building units characteristic of zeolite Beta was led to ordered-channel hexagonal mesoporous molecular sieve by the interaction between liquid-crystal micelles formed by the self-assembly of surfactants and pre-treated alumiosilicate gel. Therefore, the mesopore wall of SBU mesoporous materials showed the structural character of zeolite Beta.

当反应混合物出现用FT-IR可以检测到的Beta沸石次级结构单元且又没有生成Beta沸石晶体时，即刻终止预处理过程；然后利用表面活性剂超分子自组装形成的液晶胶团与经过预处理的无机物种通过界面作用把含有Beta沸石次级结构单元的无机物种导向为有规整孔道结构的六角中孔分子筛，这种SBU中孔材料的孔壁因而具有Beta沸石的结构特征。

Some basic theories and principles of spinel formation and the basic technology and process of industrial production of spinel minerals are described. The development and application of raw minerals and products of spinels are also briefly introduced.

笔者根据尖晶石的矿物学特性，对尖晶石的生成以及工业生产的基本原理、基本工艺和基本过程作一系统的概述，并对尖晶石原料、含尖晶石工业制品的开发与应用作一简要的介绍。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。