石炭纪的

Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the batrachian divergence occurred in the Middle Permian, rather than the late Carboniferous as recently estimated using molecular clocks18, 22, but the divergence with caecilians corresponds to the deep split between temnospondyls and lepospondyls, which is congruent with the molecular estimates.

谱系分析认为蛙形两栖类的分歧应发生于二叠纪中期，而不是石炭纪末。然而，与离片椎类和壳椎类这一意义深远的分歧密切相关的事件——蛙形两栖类与无足目的分歧的时间却与分子钟所估计的相符。

Himalaya, which formed on the basement of the Pan-African orogenic event at about 550 Ma BP and experienced Ordovician to Devonian platform sedimentation, was transformed into to a back-arc extensional-rifted zone at the end of the Carboniferous. The Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic mélange zone is a Mesozoic back-arc spreading basin corresponding to the Gangdise paleo-island arc zone on the south side of the Tethyan Ocean. The Gangdise zone experienced island-arc orogeny in the Late Paleozoic. The very significant differences in geology on both sides of the Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone suggest that the suture zone is not only the northern boundary of Gondwanaland and the boundary between the Indian (Yunnan-Tibet) stratigraphic realm and the South China (Qiangtang-Sanjiang) stratigraphic realm, but also the relics of subductional collision and final extinction of the Phanerozoic Tethyan Ocean after the breakup of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. The basic point of study of the collisional orogenic processes of the plateau is the structure and composition of the archipelagic arc-basin tectonic realm of three different stages bounded by three rigid paleocontinental blocks (Gondwanaland, Laurasia and Pan-Cathaysian) and the mutual constraining, transformation and coupling of various material movement forms.

喜马拉雅奠基于5.5亿年左右的泛非造山事件基底上，历经奥陶纪至泥盆纪台地沉积，并于石炭纪末转化为印度板块北缘的弧后伸展裂陷带；雅鲁藏布江蛇绿混杂岩带曾是特提斯大洋南侧与冈底斯古岛弧带相对应的中生代弧后扩张盆地；冈底斯带曾经历了晚古生代岛弧造山作用；班公湖-怒江带两侧大量地质特征重大差异表明，班公湖-怒江带是冈瓦纳大陆北界，是印度地层区和华南地层区的分界，是新元古代Rodinia超大陆解体后显生宙特提斯大洋俯冲，消减，碰撞，最后消亡的遗迹。

Formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; large Carboniferous and Permian amphibians having vertebrae in which some elements remain separate.

在旧的分类中是坚头目的一个亚目；有脊椎的石炭纪和二垩纪两栖动物，其中有些种类是独立的。

The strata between the carbonate rocks of the Chaguoluoma Formation (Devonian-Early Carboniferous) and carbonate rocks of the Xiala Formation consist mainly of clastic rocks with limestone, which are marked by glaciomarine deposits in terms of sedimentation and mixing of Gondwanan and Tethyan faunas in terms of fossils.

古生物群混生的现象为石炭纪—二叠纪的特提斯生物区与冈瓦纳生物区之间的地层和古生物对比建立了一座桥梁。永珠组中上部地层中同时产有牙形石和腕足类，牙形石的研究表明其时代为晚石炭世莫斯科期，而腕足类的研究则表明其为早二叠世萨克马尔期。

From the development of the Carboniferous reefs, the metazoan framework reefs and the reefs dominated by microbes and calcareous algae may be two parallelling evolution reef ecosystems. The development of the metazoan framework reefs after the extinction event reflects an obvious evolutionary lag time. The recovery of the reef-building communities dominated by microbes and calcareous algae became faster after the extinction event.

从石炭纪整个生物礁的发展情况来看，后生动物骨架礁与以微生物和钙藻为主导的生物礁或许是两个平行发展的礁系统，后生动物骨架礁的发展在大规模生物灭绝事件之后有明显的演化滞后现象，以钙藻和微生物为主导的造礁群落的复苏在生物灭绝事件之后更为迅速。

Mandula area is situated in junction belt between Siberia and North China plates in Damaoqi, Inner Mongolia 1∶50000 regional investigation can recognize many traces of plate action recently years Such as tectonic melange belts, ocean crust remant fragments, island are volcanic and are-rear basin sedimont act They recorded a whole precess or plate action the area from extension, convergence to collision act from Carboniferous to Permian period This result has offered rich, reliable of geological info...

内蒙古达茂旗满都拉地区位于西伯利亚板块和华北板块的接合带。近年来的1∶ 5万区调识别出本区存在着诸多板块活动遗迹，如构造混杂带、洋壳残片、岛弧火山岩、弧后盆地沉积等，记录了在石炭纪至二叠纪这段地质时期内本区从拉张、收敛到碰撞等板块活动的全过程。这一成果，为研究内蒙古北部地槽区的板块活动历史提供了丰富而可靠的地质资料

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。