石油

This study analysised the condition of Xinjiang's petroleum resource and made an evaluation and it points out that the development of petroleum and natural gas of Xinjiang is still in the developing period in which it aims at discovering the petrol field and increasing its reserves.Although it has a great exploring potential,because of its geograghy limitation and a lack of exploring funds,the exploring level is till low,even lower than the everage level of the whole country. The study is based on theories of industry distributions,its concentration,macroscopic analysis,government regulations and continuing development.From microcosmic and macroscopic aspects,it scientifically and systematically analyses the problems in the development of petroleum industry in Xinjiang.It points that the developments of middle and upper reaches lack a balance and have no rational industry structures.So it is hard to form an integral industry chains.Moreover,the upper reach covers a too much large proportion in the development,so it can not give a strong impetus to other industries.Based it,the paper points the industrial concentration of Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be enhanced and Input to Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be increased.Due to a lack of an established fair and competitive market and government's perfect laws and regulations on petroleum industry,it points that the phenomenon of mixed operation has become common in monolopied business and competitive business,so the systems of petroleum industry needs to be restructured.It states clearly that the country should take the development and benefits of Xinjiang's economy into consideration when making strategies for petroleum development .Besides,the allocation of profits between the center and the local should be well arranged so that we can guarantee the profits of Xinjiang ,considered as a resource area.It also reveals that we should not only overcome limitations of resources,environment,economy and technology on continuring development,but also we should deal with some realistic problems well.For instance,contradictions between the concept of limited resource and continuing development,the relationship between petroleum industry's own features and continuing development,the contradictions between the limits on supply of petroleum and the need of future development of continuing resource ,outdated petroleum technology and the need of advanced technology for continuing development,tremendous damages to environment and requirements of environment protection for continuing development and Xinjiang continuing economic development,outdated policy of industry and continuing development,the relationship between continuing development of Xinjiang petroleum industry and continuing economic development of Xinjiang.

本研究以产业布局理论、产业集中度理论、灰关联分析理论、政府规制理论、可持续发展理论为依据，从微观、宏观两个层面，科学、系统、全面地分析新疆石油产业的发展问题，指出：新疆石油天然气目前仍处于油气田发现和增储的主要发展阶段，开发潜力巨大，但由于地质原因及勘探投入的不足，石油天然气探明程度偏低，低于全国平均水平；新疆石油产业产业结构布局不合理、上中下游发展不平衡，难以形成完整的产业链条，对工业的带动力与其本身具有的经济总量很不匹配；新疆石油开采业和石油加工业属于高度寡头垄断的市场类型，新疆石油化工业属于竞争型的市场结构，要想石油产业对新疆经济有较强的带动作用，新疆石油化工业必须上升到一定的层次和规模，在提高规模的基础上，提高新疆化工业的产业集中度；新疆石油加工业和化工业与农业呈现较高的关联度，加大对石油加工业和化工业的投入，对新疆经济的协调发展有着深远的影响；政府要从石油产业本质特征和发展趋势为着眼点，实施规制改革，分开政府规制政策的制定部门和监管部门职能，建立健全石油产业法律法规体系，对垄断性业务和竞争性业务实施分类规制；国家石油发展战略的制定应兼顾新疆区域经济的发展和利益，应切实处理好新疆与中央的利益分配，切实保证新疆作为资源产区合理的资源收益；新疆石油产业要想得以可持续发展，不仅要克服影响可持续发展的资源、环境、经济和技术等客观因素，还要处理好观念、需求、政策等诸多主观因素。

This paper analyzes the international situation faced by international oil industry market though the summary of international project's development of Changqing Petroleum Bureau, discusses problems in international project based on the fully analysis of CPEB's resources superiority and opportunity at present, takes the CNPC's 11th Five-Year Plan and CPEB's overall development plan as the instruction, follows the general theory and principle of international petroleum engineering project management, take the continual ,stable, coordinated development that suits and guarantees international petroleum project as the goal, discusses the development direction of international petroleum exploration project and the thread and plan that fits the CPEB's international project management based on the reference to successful experience of international petroleum companys'project management, establishes a scientific pattern that fits CPEB's project management of international project, reasonably deploys and manages all the resource in international project, makes the operation management canonical, provides scientific basis for the corporation's decision-making though adjusting and conformity CPEB's management department of international project.

本文通过对长庆石油勘探局国际工程项目发展的简述，分析发展国际石油工程市场所面临的国际形势，在充分剖析长庆局现有资源优势和机遇的基础上，分析现有国际工程项目在运行中存在的主要问题，以集团公司十一五规划和勘探局总体发展规划为指导，遵循国际石油工程项目管理的一般理论与原则，以符合和保证实现国际石油工程项目的持续、稳定、协调发展为目的，在借鉴国际石油公司项目管理的成功经验，探讨和研究国际石油工程勘探项目的发展方向，探讨适合长庆局国际项目管理的思路和方案，通过适时调整和整合长庆勘探局国际业务管理部门，建立适合长庆局自身国际工程项目管理的科学模式，合理配置和管理国际工程项目各种资源，规范运作管理，为企业决策提供科学依据。

The conventional "fundamental" explanation for that cycle relates it to political events. The 1973-1974 oil crisis is said to have been due to the cutoff of oil following the Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War. The 1979-1981 oil crisis is said to reflect the cutoff in oil due to the Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq war. The drop in oil prices after the mid-1980's is said to be due to the collapse of the OPEC oil cartel.

对这个周期的传统的"基本"解释是将它和政治事件联系起来。1973-1974年的石油危机据说是因为阿拉伯－以色列赎罪日战争之后的石油停产。1979-1981年的石油危机据说反映了因为伊朗革命和伊朗－伊拉克战争导致的石油停产。20世纪80年代中期的石油价格下跌据说是因为欧佩克石油卡特尔的崩溃。

Lesson 13 The search for oil 探寻石油 What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?

但是， 我们不必像开采其他矿藏那样，把人送到地下去把石油取出。

In 2007, the 35-year-old Norwegian company Statoil merged with the oil and gas division of the 102-year-old Norsk Hydro, to form StatoilHydro, an energy and oil company with presence in 40 countries focusing on the production of oil as well as the consumer distribution of oil through various gas stations - with different brand names, some of them still named Statoil - around the world.

2007年，35岁的挪威国家石油公司合并的公司的石油和天然气的102岁的挪威海德鲁公司分工，形成挪威国家石油，能源和石油企业在40个国家，存在对石油生产为重点以及石油消费国通过各种分配加油站-与不同的品牌名称，其中一些仍然被国家石油公司-世界各地。

Our country is big country of an oil production, but the rapid development as our country economy, to petrolic demand increases ceaselessly, breach of supply and demand expands ceaselessly, force our country to import oil in great quantities from abroad.

我国是一个石油生产大国，但随着我国经济的快速发展，对石油的需求不断增加，供需缺口不断扩大，迫使我国从国外大量进口石油。2000年，我国进口石油7000万吨，预计2010年，进口石油可能占我国石油总消耗量的一半，我国石油形势

The second part: It was the main text point, elaborated the formation process of petroleum safety policy in Middle East of the United States, insured the American national security, chastened Soviets petroleum to extend, and guarantied the western allies petroleum to supply safety, which was the United States the outward policy's important and strategic target to the safety policy of petroleum of Middle East particularly. At the foundation that the second part discussed on, the third part talked about the United States building the natural cover that was set up to keep Soviets petroleum influence from going down south, controlled Middle East petroleum resources, maintained the petroleum charter power, insured the western petroleum to supply and transport safety, kept Soviets petroleum from entering Western Europe, chastened "" newcomer"" and carried on the total analysis to the American petroleum of Middle East safety policy's contents and substances from four aspects. The fourth part: carried on the valuation to the safe policy of American petroleum of Middle East fromfour aspects, analyzed its gain and loss.

确保美国国家安全，遏制苏联石油扩张，保障西方盟国石油供给安全，是美国对外政策尤其是对中东石油安全政策的重大战略目标；在第二部分论述的基础之上，第三部分从美国构建阻止苏联石油势力南下的屏障，控制中东石油资源、维持石油特许权，确保西方石油供给、运输安全，阻止苏联石油进入西欧、遏制&新来者&四个方面对美国中东石油安全政策内容及实质进行总体分析；第四部分，从四个方面对美国中东石油安全政策进行评估，分析其得失。

For this, the diversification that should strengthen the local oilspirit resources reconnoitring to explore the development and carry out the petroleum trade, build up in keeping with our country the petroleum strategystorage system of the state of the nation, make use of various means to strengthen to international petroleum of control, support the petroleum safety of the our country.

中国已成为世界第二大石油消费国，受国内石油资源的制约，石油产量难以自给自足，供需矛盾日益显现，石油安全面临诸多问题，已成为我国经济发展的&瓶颈&为此，应加强国内油气资源勘探开发实施石油贸易的多元化建立适合我国国情的石油战略储备体系运用各种手段加强对国际石油的控制，维护我国的石油安全

Shan Jiazeng Application of Structural Simulation Experiment in Petroleum Geology 北京:石油工业出版社, 1996,null

单家增 构造模拟实验在石油地质学中的应用北京：石油工业出版社， 1996，null

The conclusions of thesis are listed as follows, due to domestic competition and investment climates, Russian oil Enterprises must participate in investment abroad. The main oil companies in Russia includes, Lukoil, Rosneft, Surgutneft gaz, Gazpromneft and TNK-BP.

本研究发现，由於俄罗斯石油企业面对竞争力激烈的国内市场，因而向海外市场寻求发展，主要的石油公司包括：卢克石油公司、俄罗斯石油公司、苏尔古特石油暨天然气公司、俄罗斯天然气暨石油公司、秋明—英国石油公司。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。