石斛

This paper studied on domestication of plantlets in tissue culture and rapid propagation of Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe which dealed with the different medium composed of gravel, rotten soil, perlite, turves, sawdust and china clay, in the different light intensity and temperature. The results showed that the best selection of medium on the domestication was 10cm gravel in bottom, rotten soil + sawdust + perlite,(5:1:1) in the middle part ,5cm greenness bryophyte on the surface.the best selection of medium on the transplantaion of plantlets in vitro of bramble,and light intensity was employed harf overshadow by adumbral net,temperature confined 14℃－28℃.

本文研究了环草石斛组培苗炼苗的影响因素如光照强度，温度以及基质等，初步获得环草石斛组培苗炼苗生产技术：能进行人工光、温、水控制的如塑料薄膜大棚内进行环草石斛组培苗炼苗，光照强度的要求是使用遮阳网半遮阴；温度控制在14℃－28℃；出瓶苗要求株高2～5cm，叶片4～7，根数3～8；组培苗炼苗基质为底层是约10cm厚的碎石，在碎石上面是腐殖土+锯末+珍珠岩(5：1：1)，最上面是一层5cm厚的新鲜苔藓。

Candidum roots and AR-18,and the biological functions of endomycorrhiza were also discussed. Strain AR-15penetrated the exodermal passage cells through the velamen cells where pelotonsformed and further infected the cortical cells.

金钗石斛根及其菌根的显微结构研究表明，金钗石斛具有典型的兰科植物根的结构，在金钗石斛的根中有大量根毛存在。

For assisting identification of crude drug Herba Dendrobii. Methods Morphological and histological studies were carried out on 11 medicinal plant roots in Dendrobium Sw. by microstructural observation. The 11 species were divided into three groups according to their stem morphology: a pair fleshy-stem group, including D. chrysanthum, D. crepidatum, D. primulinum, D. hercoglossum, and D. crystallium; b thick-and rigid-stem group, including D. fimbriatum and D. aurantiacum var. denneanum; c node-or inter- node- bulgy-stem group, including D. findlayanum, D. gratiosissimum, D. pendulum, and D. wardianum. The surface descriptions of velamen were conducted for D. fimbriatum and D. aurantiacum var. denneanum which are similar in characters of cross section.

方法利用形态组织学方法，对茎多肉质的束花石斛Dendrobium chrysanthum及其易混的玫瑰石斛D.crepidatum、报春石斛D.primulinum、重唇石斛D.hercoglossum、晶帽石斛D.crystallium；茎粗硬的流苏石斛D.fimbriatum及其易混的叠鞘石斛D.aurantiacumvar.denneanum；茎节或节间肿胀的棒节石斛D.findlayanum、杯鞘石斛D.gratiosissimum、肿节石斛D.pendulum和大苞鞘石斛D.wardianum共11种药用石斛根进行显微结构研究；对根横切面结构相似的流苏石斛和叠鞘石斛，配合进行了根被表面制片观察。

The major results obtained are: PCR-RFLP method is suitable for molecular identification of Shihu; 205 compounds were isolated from 10 species of Dendrobium, including 21 new compounds, and 28 compounds isolated from genus Dendrobium for the first time. Each of the extracts and compounds were screened for anticoagulant and antitumour activities separately. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract from Dendrobium chrysanthun has significant anticoagulant function; the antitumour function of the 4 bibenzyl components from Dendrobium chrysotoxum is stronger than that of phenanthrene, of which the erianin has significant anti-angiogenic effect both in vivo and in vitro; components with moderate or stronger antitumour activities were found in the extracts of D. thyrsiflorum, D. chrysanthun and D. trigonopus; quality standard for 5 species of Dendrobium was drawn up use active or indicative components as control.

重要研究结果有：经方法学研究，认为PCR-RFLP法适于作为石斛属药材分子标记鉴定方法；对10种石斛进行化学成分分离鉴定，共分得205个化合物，其中新化合物21个，首次从石斛属分得的28个；对提取物和各单体化合物分别作抗凝血、抗肿瘤等活性筛选，结果说明束花石斛乙酸乙酯部位有显著的抗凝血作用，鼓槌石斛的4个联苄类成分抗肿瘤作用强于菲类，联苄类毛兰素在体内外有显著抗血管生成活性，球花石斛、束花石斛及翅梗石斛均筛到中等或较强抗癌活性的成分；选择有活性或指标性成分作对照品，对5种石斛草拟了质量标准。

But when we examined the structure of cultivar of D. huoshanense, endomycorhiza was founded unexpectedly. And in the wild type of D. huoshanense, fungi was also founded in its stems and leaves. So the author thought that endomycorhiza is not only located in the roots of Dendiobium plants, but also exists in other organs of plants, including stems, leaves. As plant produces seeds, mycorhiza could enter into the cells of seeds. When mature seeds germinate in media, the endomycorhiza enter into the roots of cultivar.

石斛属植物与真菌共生，根为菌根，作者在研究霍山石斛组织培养型结构时发现，组织培养苗的根部也分布有真菌，而且在野生霍山石斛的茎、叶中发现有真菌，作者因而指出，真菌并不是完全分布在根部，而是遍布于整个植物体，推测植物形成种子时，真菌进入种子，所以在组织培养时，真菌随着种子的萌发，进入植物体根部。

The artificial cultivated one and "Tiepi Fengdou" are similar in the content of ten trace elements, while the content of nine trace elements in protocorm culture was higher than others, and the trace elements in "Tiepi Shihu Capsule" were relatively low.

微量元素含量的比较表明，人工栽培铁皮石斛中10种微量元素含量与铁皮枫斗大致相近，铁皮石斛组织培养物中除Cu之外的其他9种微量元素高于其他石斛材料，而铁皮石斛胶囊中微量元素含量相对较低。

The content of total amino acid in artificial cultivated one was 5.74%, higher than "Tiepi Fengdou"(4.5%) and "Tiepi Shihu Capsule"(3.91%), and lower than protocorm culture (13.35%).

总氨基酸含量的比较表明，人工栽培铁皮石斛总氨基酸含量达5.74%，高于铁皮枫斗(4.5%)和铁皮石斛胶囊(3.91%)，低于铁皮石斛组织培养物(15.35%)。

Results: Our findings showed that the content of tatal polysaccharides in artificial cultivated one was similar to that of "Tiepi Fengdou" with the rates of 25.31% and 29.38% respectively, while the content in protocorm culture was the lowest with a rate of 7.51% and "Teipi Shihu Capsule" was the highest, with a rate of 40.73%.

结果：多糖含量的比较表明，人工栽培铁皮石斛总多糖含量与铁皮枫斗相近，分别为25.31%和29.38%，铁皮石斛组织培养物中最低，仅7.51%，铁皮石斛胶囊最高，可达40.73%。

Two Xylaria strains isolated from the stem of Dendrobium fimbiratum and leaf of Dendrobium brymerianum were identificated by morphology and molecular biology.

对石斛内生炭角菌进行鉴定及活性成分初步研究。从流苏石斛的茎和长苏石斛的叶片中分离出两株炭角菌，将其编号为lsjz和csyz。

You have the wild plant to have 1,452 kinds, in which area national kind of protection to have the metasequoia, two kind ofprotections has the gingko and so on 4 kinds, three kind ofprotections 8 kinds, have the species which 石斛 and so on 1Ospecies is borders on exterminates, 6 kinds for the Chinese uniquekind, the Huangshan Mountain unique 2 kinds, the initial contact orthe plant which to Huangshan Mountain names have 28 kinds, You Yimingthe tea "the Huangshan Mountain Mao fong", the famous medicine "theHuangshan Mountain ganoderma lucidum" are renowned at home and abroad.

你有野生植物有1452种，其中属国家一类保护的有水杉，二类保护的有银杏等4种，三类保护的8种，有石斛等1O个物种属濒临灭绝的物种，6种为中国特有种，黄山特有2种，首次发现或以黄山命名的植物有28种，尤以名茶&黄山毛峰&、名药&黄山灵芝&驰名中外。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。