石印术

As one kind of reading material put in the writer's table-top, the novel's population only relied on engraved plate and written copy before the foreign chromolithography has not entered into Shanghai in the latter Qing dynasty. Therefore, its diffusion and circulation had certain limitations.

小说作品作为一种置于文人案头之读物，在晚清外国石印术未进入中国上海之前仅凭借雕版和抄写来进行传播，其传播流传范围具有一定的局限性。

That is to say, we could draw a conclusion through the comparison of different editions of drum words of Two Degrees Plum in Qing Dynasty Republic of China with the form, content and thought of novel, and the comparison of the form, content and thought with different editions of drum words. Our conclusion is that different type of edition of the drum words in latter Qing Dynasty times, which basically followed the traditional modes of past drum words from the formality, but the ideological content could directly reflect the vicissitudes of society and idea at that time with the times changed. The different types of texts of drum words had directly reflected the traditional entertainment involving talking and singing entertainer's thoughts (they represented the first floor people's thoughts at that time), and also had directly reflected the common and popular writers'thoughts from their adaptions(they represented at that time one kind of residential social stratum thought which increased sharply along with city expanded and resident social stratum population produced, and this thought also referred to one kind of thought after the chromolithography had entered into China in latter Qing dynasty, cultural printing propagation velocity sped up and drum words gradually became the ordinary resident's table-top reading material).This kind of thought produced along with the social vicissitudes, also impelled the entire society's forward development and the progress from the science and technology and the cultural domain.

本文即是对《二度梅》小说故事被改编为鼓词的文本进行研究的一篇论文，即通过对现存的清代民国《二度梅》鼓词的不同类型的版本与小说形式、内容、思想之间的比较，鼓词与鼓词不同类型版本之间的形式、内容、思想之间的比较，来阐述出一个结论，就是晚清时期的不同类型的鼓词版本，从形式上基本仍然沿袭了过去鼓词的传统模式，但内容思想上则随着时代变化而能够更直接地反映着当时的社会思想变迁，鼓词不同类型的版本文本直接反映了说唱艺人的思想(他们代表的是当时底层民众的思想)，也直接反映了文人改编鼓词的普通俗文人思想(他们代表了当时随着城市的扩大市民阶层人数的激增而产生的一种市民阶层的思想，当然这种思想也是指晚清石印术进入中国后文化印刷传播速度加快，鼓词逐渐成为普通市民的案头读物后而产生的一种思想来说的)，正是这种随着社会变迁产生的思想，又从科技和文化领域推动了整个社会的向前发展和进步。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。