石化

Distribution of strongly sericite altered zone, chlorite altered zone, montmorillonitized zone and kaolinized zone within study area were defined by PIMA survey, and the declining orientation of temperature at which altered mineral formed were pointed out.

PIMA测量在研究区内确定了强绢云母化带、强绿泥石化带、强蒙脱石化带和高岭石化带的分布范围，并且指出了蚀变矿物形成温度降低的方向。

This article mainly specially is engaged in the petrochemical industry engineering projectconstruction take unit --GPCJA Corporation as a platform, to petrifies the projectconstruction project the progress change and the construction cost relations conducts the research.

本文主要以一个专门从事石化工程项目施工的单位——GPCJA公司为平台，对石化工程施工项目的进度变更和施工成本关系进行研究。

In order to strengthen the intellectual property rights protection, collaborates to attack the abuse of authority, on November 21, 2003 the intellectual property rights protection alliance which by Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi and so on 16 cities forms proclaims the founding. In March, 2004, by correspondence giant Hua Wei, the resurgence, the steel and iron giant canton steel works, the beautiful steel, chemical giant Maoming petrifies, Guangzhou petrifies, electrical appliances giant TCL, created Uygur, Kang Jia beautifully, and so on one batch of enterprises collaborates in Guangdong to establish our country first intellectual property rights protection association, in the same year Shantou establishment patent protection association.

为了加强知识产权保护、联手打击侵权行为，2003年11月21日由上海、南京、杭州、苏州、无锡等16个城市结成的知识产权保护联盟宣告成立。2004年3月，由通信巨头华为、中兴，钢铁巨头广钢、韶钢，化工巨头茂名石化、广州石化，家电巨头 TCL 、创维、康佳、美的等一批企业联手在广东成立了我国第一家知识产权保护协会，同年汕头市成立专利保护协会。

According to the GOC needing and the project of GD technology, this project is Base on GoC's SO2 production equipment and launched by GD University. The user of this system is GOC.Intelligent diagnosis technology is the integration of neural network technology, expert system technology and database technology, which is the result of development of science and technology. Making full use of it can diagnose faults effectively, guarantee the normal work and increase the productivity. It can also prevent the blindness of diagnosis and make the managements more normative. It has significant benefit on environment pollution diagnosis. In this paper, this Database system is summered and prospected.

本项目是根据广州石化安环部提出的：&广州石化重点污染源监测数据采集、分析与控制系统&建设需求及2002年广东省科技计划项目：&制造业企业环境管理体系建立与运行控制的关键技术研究&建立的；项目的开发方为广东工业大学，系统的用户为广州石化安环部，以广州石化年制硫量2万吨装置为研究对象，研究出一套通用的污染因素分析方法，在此分析方法之上，开发出一套基于数据库的污染源智能诊断专家系统，当出现污染物超标时，能根据各种工艺参数，快速、自动的推断出污染源的位置，从而可以采取相应的措施，控制污染物的排放，减少污染物的排放量与降低污染物的排放浓度，使得企业在满足环保要求的情况下连续有序的生产。

Owing to the loss of product and unsafe circumstance when oil-gas products were loaded into uncorked tank cars in petrochemical enterprises, an improved technique was obtained by the following measures in Zhongyuan Oil-field Natural Gas Process Factory: using the technique of close loading and oil-gas absorption with current nontoxic diluent as absorber at low temperature, the oil-gas vaporized was recovered and returned to the raw material processing.

针对石化企业敞口槽车充装油气产品造成产品损耗及安全隐患的情况，中国石化中原油田天然气处理厂利用密闭装车技术和低温吸收技术，以现有的无毒稀释剂作为吸收剂，将气相挥发产品回收并返至原料重新处理，成功地对原工艺进行了改造。

Jewelry Wax Precision Casting Factory is a professional manufacturer of casting wax manufacturers, chemical technology is to engage in research and development, sales of high-tech enterprises, and domestic large petrochemical enterprises, Sinopec Research Institute, the Higher Institute of Chemical Technology and other related manufacturing enterprises waxes have good relations of cooperation with the States for many large-scale manufacturing enterprises waxes are closely linked.

首饰精密铸造蜡厂是一家专业生产铸造蜡的厂家，是从事化工技术研究开发，销售的高新技术企业、与国内众多石化企业、石化研究院、高等化工学院及其他有关蜡类生产企业有着良好的合作关系，与国为众多大型蜡类生产企业有着密切的联系。

Reefs, reef-mounds and lime mud mounds are all carbonate buildups, and the reefs and banks are important targets for petroleum exploration The reefs, banks and mounds should be divided from each other not only in theory, but also in exploration practice, because of so many differences in sedimentary compositions, fabrics, environments, distribution in time and space, and the characteristics of petroleum geology If the original reef or bank itself was fine reservoir rocks, then it would become a better reservoir after the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The formation of a high quality carbonate reservoir is controlled by two factors: the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The first is the basis for the formation of a high quality reservoir, and with the high energy reefbank facies as the best; the latter includes the cataclasis, the dolomitization and the karstification The dolomitization and karstification are the best for the formation of a high quality reservoir The karstification has the widest distribution, profoundest effect, and plays a vital role in the high quality reservoir forming The karst types are quite rich in the limestone reef or bank reservoir, including synsedimentary karst, penesedimentary karst, supergene karst and hydrothermal karst, and so does the dolomitization reef or bank reservoir The formation mechanism of synsedimentary karst and penesedimentary karst is related to the short time exposing and leaching of the cyclical highfrequency shallowupward sequence when the reefs or banks are forming The supergene karst is controlled by the exposing and leaching of tertiary cyclic sequence type I interface after the reefs or banks forming Thus, there developed a great deal of secondary corrosion pores, corrosion fractures and huge caves besides some original pores remained in the reef and bank reservoir Scarcely there are any original effective pores in reefmounds and lime mud mounds, especially in senkes among mounds, but secondary pores could be formed by karstification, and there would likely develop source rocks with high organic abundance

礁、礁丘、丘同属碳酸盐建隆，礁、滩是重要勘探目的层。但各自在沉积组分、组构、环境和时空分布，以及油气地质条件上迥然不同，因而无论从理论还是勘探实践上，都有必要将其各成体系划分开来。礁滩自身为好储集岩，当建设性成岩作用叠加后可形成好的储层。碳酸盐岩优质储层形成，主要受沉积微相与建设性成岩作用两大因素控制。前者是基础，并以高能的礁滩相带为最好；后者主要包括破裂、白云石化和溶蚀三大类，并以白云石化或溶蚀为最优，其中的溶蚀分布最广泛、影响最深刻而对优质储层形成起决定性作用。礁滩储层中的古岩溶类型最为丰富多彩，包括同生期、准同生期、表生期和埋藏期热流体岩溶的所有类型，白云岩化礁滩体也不例外。其中，同生准同生期岩溶的形成机制与礁滩沉积时高频层序旋回向上变浅序列的短暂暴露淋溶有关，表生期岩溶则受控于礁滩沉积后三级层序旋回Ⅰ型界面的暴露淋溶。由此，导致礁滩储层中除了可以也是唯一保存原生孔隙外，还发育了次生溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞。礁丘、灰泥丘尤其是丘间洼地中发育高有机质丰度烃源岩；它们自身没有有效的原生孔隙，但岩溶作用可以形成次生孔隙。

Fossilised wood or petrified wood can be found in a number of countries around the world and our fossilised furniture and sculptures originate from Java, Indonesia.

化石化或石化木材在世界各地诸多国家中均有报道，本文中的化石家具和雕塑均来自印度尼西亚的爪哇岛。

Conducting quantitative safety assessment for SIS can discover whether there is safety weakness and mis-stop phenomena. This method is helpful to improve the level of work safety in petrochemical industry. The concept of lifecycle management of safety function and good engineering practices mentioned in these standards are also beneficial for the development of our petrochemical industry.

通过对SIS开展定量安全评估，可发现联锁功能存在的安全不足与误跳车现象，对于提高我国石化行业安全生产水平具有重要的促进作用，标准中有关寿命周期功能安全管理方法及重要的工程经验也对提高我国石化安全生产水平具有借鉴作用。

Aiming at the general problems of function safety in chemical industry, the author introduces function safety assessment standards IEC61508 and IEC61511 established by IEC (International Electric Committee), describes their background, objectives, system structure, and how to use these standards to quantitatively analyze the safety and automatic mis-stop of Safety Instrumented System in petrochemical industry.

针对石化行业普遍存在的功能安全问题，笔者以国际电工学会专门制定的功能安全评定标准IEC61508及IEC61511为指导，介绍其标准制定的背景、目的、体系结构以及如何利用标准开展石化行业安全联锁系统(Safety Instrumented System， SIS)的安全与误跳车定量分析。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。