短路的

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

The main circuit of the direct voltage type SVC consists of the autotransformer with average voltage, fixed branch which can compensate the reactive power and filter the harmonic, dynamic branch which can compensate the reactive power and filter the harmonic, capacitive AC thyristor no contact switch and the measuring and controlling system of

自耦均压变压器作为SVC中的主要器件，本文通过变压器的短路试验以及编程进行多项式拟合，建立了其漏抗随电容器组投切级数变化的数学模型，进而做了自耦均压变压器与相同容量相同变比的双绕组变压器有功损耗的比较，分析了36抽头自耦均压变压器在一组电容器全部投运时的空载特性，并对SVC的静态性能进行了全面分析。

From the burden increased aspect clarify set up the necessity of station, then pass to drew up to set up generalize of transformer substation and line direction to consider, and pass to analysis of carry the data, safety, economic and dependable consider and made sure the 110 kV, 35 kV, 10 kV and station use electricity of lord connect line, then again through burden calculation and power supply scope made sure main number, capacity and model number of the transformer set, also in the meantime make sure the station uses capacity and model number of transformer, end, according to biggest keep on work electric current and short circuit calculating of calculation result, to the high pressure Rong break a machine, insulate a switch, female line, insulate son and wear a wall set tube, electric voltage with each other feeling machine, electric current with each other the feeling machine carried on choose a type, thus completed a 110 kV electricity a part of design.

本文首先根据任务书上所给系统与线路及所有负荷的参数，分析负荷发展趋势。从负荷增长方面阐明了建站的必要性，然后通过对拟建变电站的概括以及出线方向来考虑，并通过对负荷资料的分析，安全，经济及可靠性方面考虑，确定了110kV ，35kV ，10kV 以及站用电的主接线，然后又通过负荷计算及供电范围确定了主变压器台数，容量及型号，同时也确定了站用变压器的容量及型号，最后，根据最大持续工作电流及短路计算的计算结果，对高压熔断器，隔离开关，母线，绝缘子和穿墙套管，电压互感器，电流互感器进行了选型，然后进行配电装置和平面布置的设计以及防雷的设计，从而完成了110kV 电气一次部分的设计。

To improve most of the reactor protection devices that have shortcomings in inter-turn protection, the paper puts forward a highly sensitive, reliable inter-turn protection system, which is made up of both negative-sequence and zero-sequence power direction relays and so can solve the problem of overcompensation, undercompensation and uncertain compensation degree in inter-turn protection that is based on the compensation principle. Furthermore, according to the characteristics of different differential protection principles, the system adopts a plan of integrating these principles so as to increase the sensitivity and reliability of differential protection.

其中，论文针对大多数已投运的电抗器保护装置在电抗器匝间短路保护方面的不足，提出了具有较高灵敏性和可靠性的由负序、零序功率方向继电器共同构成的匝间保护方案，从而弥补了基于补偿原理的匝间保护存在的过补偿和欠补偿以及补偿度难整定的不足。

Then, base on the equivalent circuit model for cascaded coupled resonator filter, the method for measuring or computing the phase of the reflection coefficient of short-circuit terminated networks and synthesizeing all the inter-resonator couplings and resonant frequencies of the filters to be tuned is studied intensively. The phase loading effect is removed and the tuning steps are analyzed. The method based on the partial fraction expansions of admittance matrix is used to synthesize coupling matrix of the filters under tuning.

然后，通过分析级联耦合滤波器的等效电路模型，着重研究了利用测量或计算终端短路网络的反射参数的相位来综合出待调级联耦合滤波器各个腔体的谐振频率和腔体间的耦合系数的方法，并且消除了端口相位加载的影响，给出了具体的调试步骤；接着利用导纳矩阵部分分式的展开来求得待调滤波器耦合矩阵，着重研究了消除端口相位加载的方法。

For any two vertices u and v of a graph G, a u-v geodesic is the shortest path between u and v. The set I consists of all vertices lying on a u-v geodesic. For SV, I is the union of all sets I for vertices u, v∈S. The geodetic number g is the minimum cardinality among the subsets S of V with I=V.

对于图G内的任意两点u和v，u-v测地线是指在u和v之间的最短路。I表示位于一条u-v测地线上所有点的集合，对于SV，I表示所有I的并，这里u，v∈S，G的测地数g是使I=V的最小点集S的基数。

A new method is described for determining the microwave dielectric properties of solid materials,for example agricultural products,mineral,of known densities from the dielectric properties of pulverized samples measured by employing the short circuited waveguide principle at a few different bulk densities.

本文介绍一个测定不能进行机械加工的&坚实材料&的微波介电特性的新方法。将这类材料研碎，成为&空气－粒子&混合物。应用短路波导方法，在几个不同的混合物&松密度&上测量其介电特性。当已知待测材料的&坚实密度&时，利用这些测量的特性与混合物&松密度&的线性函数关系进行&外推&，从而获得&坚实密度&下的农产品的微波介电特

A multiplayer chip LC resonator was fabricated using planar inductor and parallel plate capacitor. Because lumped inductor has small Q value and there is stray parameter effect in high permittivity substrate, the Q value of chip LC resonator is not high. Resonators based on λ/4 stripline with end short circuited were designed and fabricated. Input and output pads, coupled to the stripline using gap-coupling capacitor, are in the same layer with the center conductive strip. This new structure is very convenient for manufacturing in comparison with the conventional structure.

采用间隙电容耦合结构实现的谐振频率为1.8GHz四分之一波长终端短路带状线单端口谐振器的Q值最大值为225，谐振频率为1GHz双端口谐振器的Q值为83，谐振频率和Q值与耦合间隙、带状线的厚度和耦合引线长度有关；二分之一波长带状线谐振器的Q值和四分之一波长相比较尺寸较大，由于导电带较长，造成金属的损耗增加，从而导致谐振器的Q值较低；带状线结构的谐振器频率调节困难，本文提出了改变接地端的宽度实现谐振频率的微调方法，可实现频率调节量约1.5%。

Taking the particularity of the connection scheme of novel converter transformer and its filter system into account, it's necessary to find out the relation between its commutated reactance and short-circuit impedances between windings and fundament frequency impedance of filter branch for impedance design of novel converter transformer and reactive power ...

考虑到新型换流变压器及其滤波系统的接线方案较为特殊，了解其换相电抗与绕组之间的短路阻抗及阀侧滤波支路的基频阻抗之间的关系，对新型换流变压器的阻抗设计和阀侧无功补偿度的优化配置是十分必要的。

A7800 Features: 10 Mb s Manchester encoding decoding with receive clock recovery Patented digital phase locked loop decoder re- quires no precision external components Decodes Manchester data with up to g18 ns of jitter Loopback capability for diagnostics Externally selectable half or full step modes of opera- tion at transmit output Squelch circuits at the receive and collision inputs re- ject noise High voltage protection at transceiver interface (16V) TTL MOS compatible controller interface Connects directly to the transceiver cable A7800 Maximum Ratings: A7800 Pinout:· NPT IGBT technology · low saturation voltage · low switching losses · switching frequency up to 30 kHz · square RBSOA, no latch up · high short circuit capability · positive temperature coefficient for easy parallelling · MOS input, voltage controlled · ultra fast free wheeling diodes · solderable pins for PCB mounting · package with copper base plate

A7800特点： 10兆s曼彻斯特编码与接收时钟恢复专利解码数字锁相环解码器重新奎雷斯没有精确数据的外部元件曼彻斯特解码高达全部G18抖动纳秒环回功能用于诊断外部可选的一半或整步模式的歌剧和灰在传输和接收碰撞投入重新ject高噪音在收发器接口（16V的）马鞍山的TTL兼容控制器接口电压保护输出静噪电路直接连接到收发器的电缆 A7800最大额定值： A7800引脚说明：·不扩散核武器条约IGBT技术·低饱和电压·低开关损耗·开关频率可达30千赫·平方米RBSOA，没有锁定了高短路能力··正温度，便于parallelling·马鞍山消耗系数，电压控制·超高速免费·印刷电路板焊接的引脚安装·铜底板包续流二极管

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。