短语

The opposition between endocentric construction and exocentric construction in compound words is not the same as it is in phrases. Constructions of phrases are endocentric, showcasing not a real opposition between endocentric and exocentric. However, there are many exocentric constructions in compound words.

向心结构和离心结构的对立在复合词和短语中的表现不一样，短语都是向心结构，并未形成真正的向心和离心的对立，而复合词中存在着大量的离心结构。

A study on these noun-centered exocentric constructions will not only deepen our understanding of Chinese phrases, rethink about the phrase-standarded opinions in the research of Chinese grammar, but also enrich and develop the theories of exocentric-endocentric construction and decategorization of nouns and then gain quite profound sense in these theories themselves and the applications of them.

研究这些名核离心结构不仅能深化我们对短语的认识，促使我们重新思考现代汉语语法研究中的短语本位论，更能丰富和发展离心结构、向心结构理论和名词非范畴化理论，深化相关的理论研究，具有相当明显的应用意义。

Guided by the theories of exocentric-endocentric construction and decategorization of nouns, the main purpose of this article is to study the phrases which are composed by nouns or centered by noun or nouns but not belonged to the category of endocentric constructions in modern Chinese. These noun-centered exocentric constructions have almost lost all of the categorial characteristics of nouns and played the roles of predicate or adverbial modifier or complement in Chinese clauses.

本文主要结合离心结构、向心结构理论和名词非范畴化理论；研究现代汉语中以名词构成或者以名词为核心的、结构上又不属于向心结构的短语，这些名核离心结构短语在语法功能上基本丧失了名词的范畴属性，在句子中一般充当谓语、状语或者补语。

This paper will describe,analyze and explain the phrase of "V+ge+VP"from the two parts: diatronic and syntronic.In the syntronic point,we fully describe the surface syntax structure, the deep–seated semantic relation and the exterior pragmatic functions from point to side,then we compare the difference and the homology with "V+de+VP"from multi-point.At last,we analyze and explain the pragmatic functions by focus theory and metrics principle. In the diatronic point, we explore the origin and development of this phrase,then we research its development. We summarize its developing process from Qing dynasty to modern times and predict its developing tendency as a whole on the statistics of its development.

本文从共时和历时两个角度对"V+个+VP"进行描写、分析和解释：在共时平面上对"V+个+VP"动补结构的表层句法结构、深层语义关系及外部语用功能进行从点到面的详尽描述，并从多个角度将其与"V+得+VP"结构的异同进行对比，最后综合运用焦点理论及韵律学原则分析解释其承担的语用功能；在历时平面上探究"V+个+VP"短语的来源及发展概况，对"V+个+VP"的发展情况进行考察统计，对其从清代到现代的发展情况加以总结，并从总体上概括了"V+个+VP"短语的发展趋势。

Key phrases are phrase that have strong text representation function, can characterize text content such as subject and kind.

关键短语是具有强文本表示功能的特征短语，在表示文本时，能将文本的内容特征鲜明地表示出来。

This theory, on the one hand, provides a better account for the licensing and identification of an elided verb in gapping than the above two analyses; on the other hand, it distinguishes vP ellipsis from the so-called VP ellipsis.

这个理论，一方面，就动词空缺句中省略的动词的允准和识别而言，比上两种分析提供了一个更好的解释；另一方面，这个理论把所谓的动词短语省略(so-called VP ellipsis)区别为轻量动词短语省略。

Guage, but the idiomatic oral English is abundant with short, active and vivid phrases.

特别注意短语和小词的运用，中国式的英语尤其是口语一个很大的缺点就是中国学生喜欢用大词，而真正地道的英语口语确是充满着短小，活泼，生动的短语，富有生气。

This method basic thought is: First, extracts the time and the place phrase which in the news essential factor the event occurs; Then, through extraction time and place phrase extraction news content; Finally, through calculates their similarity according to the study news content to judge the news homepage the heavy multiplicity.

该方法的基本思想是：首先，抽取新闻要素中关于事件发生的时间和地点短语；然后，通过抽取的时间和地点短语抽取新闻的内容；最终，根据学习的新闻内容通过计算它们的相似度来判断新闻网页的重复度。

David Chiang, Hiero: Finding Structure in

传统的基于短语的翻译模型中，短语是平

In terms of the physiological characteristics of the zang organs the physiological function of the spleen is to govern the transportation and transformation of the essence of water and grain to make qi and blood.

2.3 利用以具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语来翻译有些兼语式结构出现在主语中充当句子的一个成分，这种兼语式结构可以译成一个以具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。