短臂

"As early as 1500 BC people were raising water and lifting soldiers over battlement s using the swape or shadoof, a long lever pivoted near one end with a platform or container hanging from the short arm and counterweights attached to the long arm."

早在公元前1500年，人们就利用汲水吊杆的装置来提水或吊送士兵过战壕。这种装置是一根长的杠杆，支点靠近一端，短臂上挂一个平台或容器，与之平衡的重物绑在长臂上。

A SSR marker based linkage map covering chromosome 10 and the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 11 of rice was constructed and applied for mapping fertility-restoring genes in Zhenshan 97A/(Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46)F_ 6 population consisting of 704 lines.

应用由704个株系组成的珍汕97A/(珍汕97B/密阳46)F6测交群体，针对水稻第10染色体和第1、11染色体短臂构建了微卫星标记连锁图谱，检测到控制野败型细胞质雄性不育育性恢复的4个QTL，其中位于第10染色体长臂中下部的Rf4具有主效效应，位于第1染色体短臂的Rf3具有较大效应，位于第10染色体长臂近着丝粒处的qRf10和第11染色体短臂近着丝粒处的qRf11表现出微效作用。

This experiment works on:1.prepare marrow cell chromosome samples;2.take pictures of chromosome in karyon by lens-check;3.Measure the length of chromosome short arm and long arm,calculate the relative length of frog chromosome and the arm index and the position of centromere,with the leven method of outside-body karyon pattern analysis.

本实验制备了骨髓细胞的染色体标本，并且通过镜检拍下一个细胞核中染色体的照片，用leven方法进行体外核型分析，测量每条染色体的长臂长与短臂长，并计算出青蛙染色体的相对长度，臂指数和着丝粒。

"As early as 1500 BC people were raising water and lifting soldiers over battlements using the swape or shadoof, a long lever pivoted near one end with a platform or container hanging from the short arm and counterweights attached to the long arm."

早在公元前1500年，人们就利用汲水吊杆的装置来提水或吊送士兵过战壕。这种装置是一根长的杠杆，支点靠近一端，短臂上挂一个平台或容器，与之平衡的重物绑在长臂上。

"As early as 1500 BC people were raising water and lift ing soldiers over battlements using the swape or shadoof, a long lever pivoted near one end with a platform or container hanging from the short arm and counterweights attached to the long arm."

早在公元前1500年，人们就利用汲水吊杆的装置来提水或吊送士兵过战壕。这种装置是一根长的杠杆，支点靠近一端，短臂上挂一个平台或容器，与之平衡的重物绑在长臂上。

"As early as 1500 BC people were raising water and lifting soldiers over battlements using the swape or shadoof, a long lever pivoted near one end with a platform or container hang ing from the short arm and counterweights attached to the long arm."

早在公元前1500年，人们就利用汲水吊杆的装置来提水或吊送士兵过战壕。这种装置是一根长的杠杆，支点靠近一端，短臂上挂一个平台或容器，与之平衡的重物绑在长臂上。

"As early as 1500 BC people were raising water and lifting soldier s over battlements using the swape or shadoof, a long lever pivoted near one end with a platform or container hanging from the short arm and counterweights attached to the long arm."

早在公元前1500年，人们就利用汲水吊杆的装置来提水或吊送士兵过战壕。这种装置是一根长的杠杆，支点靠近一端，短臂上挂一个平台或容器，与之平衡的重物绑在长臂上。

Five pairs of 45S rDNA loci and two pairs of 5S rDNA signals were detected on chromosomes of Cucurbita moschata Duch. Luffa cylindrical Roem. contained five pairs of 45S rDNA loci and one pair of 5S rDNA loci. In Benincasa hispida Cogn., two pairs of 45S rDNA sites and one pair of 5S rDNA site were detected. In this species, 5S rDNA and one pair of the 45S loci were collocated closely in chromosome 7S. 45S rDNA chromosomal distribution patterns were highly conserved among the three species, althoufh their number varied markedly. The 5S rDNA sites on chromosomes among the three species were highly polymorphic.

南瓜有5对45S rDNA位点， 2对5S rDNA位点；丝瓜具有5对45S rDNA位点， 1对5S rDNA位点；冬瓜具有2对45S rDNA位点， 1对5S rDNA位点， 5S rDNA位点与其中一对45S rDNA位点都位于7号染色体短臂上，并在物理位置上紧密相邻。45S rDNA在这3种作物染色体上数目变化较大，但在染色体上都倾向分布在短臂末端，其分布模式较为一致。5S rDNA在这3种作物染色体上数目相对保守，但在染色体上分布的位置变化较大。

Lines which were 2n=21"+1" and one line which was 2n=20"+2", one line which was 2n=43. The salt-resistance addition line Line15 was confirmed as a Disomic alien addition line by C-banding, SSR, FISH methods, and the two alien addition chromosomes had close correlation with the long arm of the second homoeologous group, the centromere region of the third homoeologous group and the short arm of the seventh homoeologous group. We also confirmed the particular C-banding type of the alien addition chromosomes by C-banding following FISH method. The drought-resistance addition line Line17 was found also as a Disomic alien addition line by SSR and FISH detection. The alien addition chromosomes had close correlation with the short arm of the second homoeologous group.

对导入赖草优质耐盐基因的株系Line15进行了C-分带、荧光原位杂交、SSR相结合的鉴定，确认Line15是一个二体异附加系，附加的一对染色体与小麦的第二同源群长臂、第三同源群着丝粒和第七同源群短臂密切相关，并确定了Line15的外源染色体C-分带特征带型，为目后鉴定Line15附加系的真伪提供了简便快捷的途径；对抗旱附加系Line17进行了荧光原位杂交和SSR检测，得出Line17也是一个二体异附加系，外源染色体与小麦的第四同源群短臂密切相关。

Karyotype formula of Gossypium hirsutum L.was 2n=4s=52=30m+20m (4SAT)+2st (2SAT); and its absolute lengths of chromosomes averaged 3.40μm; arm ratio differed from 1.24 to 4.02,with the mean value of 1.77; three pairs of satellite chromosomes; the ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosomes was 2.36; and the karyotype belonged to 2B in Stebbin's classification.

陆地棉的核型公式为2n=4x=52=30m+20sm(4SAT)+2st(2SAT)；染色体绝对长度平均3.40μm；臂比值最大与最小的分别是4.02和1.14，平均1.77；随体3对，分别位于第12、19和26对同源染色体的短臂上；最长与最短染色体的比值为2.36；其核型属于Stebbin的2B类型。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。