知识领域

The Canadian Intellectual Property Office, a Special Operating Agency associated with Industry Canada, is responsible for the administation and processing of the greater part of intellectual property in Canada. CIPO's areas of activity include patents,copyrights,industrial designs and integrated circuit topographies.

加拿大知识产权局是隶属于加拿大工业部的专门机构，他负责管理和运行加拿大大部分的知识产权事务CIPO了活动领域包括专利，版权，工业设计和积体电路拓朴图。

There are three kinds of knowledge object in CISE: Meta_control knowledge unit, category knowledge unit and operational knowledge unit.

知识元之间通过问题规约方式进行复合，背景表示采用Context符号化处理，知识元与背景之间的关系由系统数据库的领域标示进行约束。

The senior official and large cadre of our country must possesses higher national obligation and responsibility, in addition, we also need more knowledge of historical culture, more vast generosity, more wide sights. At present, the situation of our country is the reform and opening, China's WTO Entry, so all cultural fields of China should accord with world development, which is a rigorous test to all cadres on account of keeping up with the development and request of times .For the official not only have the confirmedly political thought, but also possess the advanced professional knowledge and the operation level.

我们的高级公务员和广大干部必须具有极高的国家责任感和责任心，还需要有更多的历史文化知识、有更宽广的胸怀、更开阔的眼界，我们早已打开国门，改革开放，现在又加入了世界贸易组织，我们的所有文化领域都要与世界接轨，这对我们所有的领导干部都是一个严峻的考验，不仅要有过硬的政治思想、还要有过硬的专业知识和业务水平，要跟上时代的发展和要求。

Then, depending on straits of the laneway timbering" s domanial knowledge, the author adopts the intellective structure of "database" plus "repository and positive and negative bi-directional reasoning mode. Moreover, running advanced Visual Basic 6. 0 high-class programme language, he develops and finishes the consultative expert system of laneway timbering design which has UI friendly and structure height blocking .

然后，根据巷道支护领域知识的特点，采用&数据库&+&知识库&知识结构和正、逆双向向推理方式，并运用先进的Visual Basic 6.0高级编程语言，研制完成了用户界面友好、结构高度模块化的煤矿巷道支护设计咨询专家系统。

R. Myrick has 30 years experience in the intellectual property field as in-house counsel, private practitioner, consultant, and IP bar leader.

yrick 先生在知识产权领域有30年的资历，历任公司内部律师、独立执业律师、顾问及知识产权律师协会领导人。

The work of this present paper mainly includes the investigation of the structure of KDD system, the study of the basic concepts of rough set theory, the research of the questions in the heuristic reduct finding algorithms based the rough set theory used in the data reduction and the discretization in the field of KDD, and the development of the system which is used to study the algorithms of the rough set.

论文的主要工作是了解知识发现的体系结构，学习粗糙集理论的基本概念，研究基于粗糙集理论的约简算法在知识发现领域中进行数据约简和离散化两个方面存在的问题，开发用于粗糙集理论算法研究的实验平台。

Its acquisition is based on the construction of lexieal databases, the utilization of existing thesauri, classification schedules and other knowledge classification systems, the identification of related concepts and the extraction of their attributes to establish relationship among concepts.

其获取，是在构建语料库的基础上，利用叙词表、分类表和其他知识分类体系等现有的知识本体，识别领域内外相关的概念并抽取相应属性，建立概念之间的关系，并利用所识别的概念和关系创建新的本体，融合已有的本体和新建本体。

Knowledge organisation is developed on the basis of syst-ems of classifications and thesauri in library and informationscienceand is affecting such fields as artificial intellige-nce,expert system,hypermedia,terminology,education,etc.

现在，人们普遍认识到知识整序的必要性。在古代，图书馆员和哲学家被排斥在知识整序领域之外。后来，百科全书的作者和教育家开始从事这项活动。

The implementing process of TI in EMS is partitioned into two periods including product conception development and product technology development. The model of product conception development is built which is composed of demands identifying, technological modules identifying and conception appraisement. In the period of product technology development, the identification model of knowledge on new product is constructed at first. Enterprises should beware of selection and integration of the relative domain-specific knowledge, and do product innovation continuously by product platform approach based on the integration of outer technology resource efficiently. The view is put forward that Chinese EMI enterprises should do TI with self-innovation, and only by this way could enterprises build undependent technological capability and keeping product innovation continuously.

针对复杂产品概念设计过程建立由需求识别、技术模块明晰和评价反馈二部分组成的产品概念设计模型，认为成功的产品概念设计是经过以上流程所最终确定的；产品技术开发阶段，首先建立了新产品技术知识的识别模型；企业在产品技术开发过程中应该注意领域知识的选择与集成，在有效利用外部技术源的基础上，实现基于产品平台的产品创新；以大连机车车辆厂、哈尔滨电机厂等我国知名装备制造业企业为例，提出我国装备制造业企业在应用技术集成方法过程中，应该注重将技术集成与自主创新近性有机结合，以期有效突破企业产品技术发展过程中的瓶颈，实现产品技术的持续创新。

To avoid the collision accidents of ships at sea, with the universalizing and application of computer, and the development and maturity of the technology of Expert System and Artificial Intelligent, this paper developed an intelligent collision avoidance expert system for navigation. The main research work centers on several aspects, which will be represented as below:By the navigation rules" understanding and analyzing, and by the navigation experience and navigation samples" collecting and trimming, we put forth and build a multi-unit and layering KB systematic structure, and implement the KBM. According to features of different knowledge, we adopt multifarious KR, such as: frame KR, production rule KR, procedure KR. We also build a multi-inference system, which based on analog inference, forward illation inference, conversion inference and meta-rule inference. At the same time, we develop each reasoning algorithm. For some problems in collision avoidance region during the building of the expert system, we put forth and build a set of models to solve them using neural network technology.

为了避免船舶间碰撞事故的发生，结合计算机技术在各类船舶中的普及与应用、专家系统技术及人工智能技术的发展、成熟，本文研制、开发了一种具有一定智能的航海避碰专家系统，主要内容包括以下几个方面：通过对航海规则的理解与分析，对航海经验、航海实例的搜集、整理，提出并建立起了航海避碰专家系统的多元分层知识库体系结构，并实现了知识库的管理；根据不同知识的特点，分别采用了框架、产生式规则、过程等多种知识表示方法；提出了一种基于类比推理、正向演绎推理、换位推理及元级推理等的多种推理机制，并建立起了相应的推理算法；引入神经网络技术，针对在建立专家系统过程中所遇到的有关避碰领域内的一些难题，提出并建立了相应解决问题的模型，其中包括：船舶类型的识别，会遇态势的分类及避碰危险的评估。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。