知识阶层

Biographically the letters take the reader through Berlin's professional ascent from clever young don to Oxford professor, public educator and transatlantic academic star. They track the consolidation of his social position as an intellectual jewel of the post-war British establishment. Three or four footnotes a page introduce perhaps 1,000 or more politicians, public servants, academics, musicians and socialites whom Berlin knew or talked about. For that alone, his letters are a unique record of a bygone milieu.

如自传一般，这些信件引导读者见证了伯林从一名聪颖的年轻教师成长为牛津教授、公共教育家和跨大西洋学术明星的职业上升历程；它们也追踪了其享有的战后英国权势阶层知识瑰宝这一社会地位的巩固过程；每页三到四个脚注可能引见了一千名或更多的、伯林所了解或谈及的政治家、公职人员、学者、音乐家和社会名流；单凭最后一点，他的信笺便是对往昔社会环境的一份独特记录。

Biographically the letters take the reader through Berlin's professional ascent from clever young don to Oxford professor, public educator and transatlantic academic star. They track the consolidation of his social position as an kal online geons intellectual jewel of the post-war British establishment. Three or four footnotes a page introduce perhaps 1,000 or more politicians, public servants, academics, musicians and socialites whom Berlin knew or talked about. For that alone, his letters are a unique record of a bygone milieu.

如自传一般，这些信件引导读者见证了伯林从一名聪颖的年轻教师成长为牛津教授、公共教育家和跨大西洋学术明星的职业上升历程；它们也追踪了其享有的战后英国权势阶层知识瑰宝这一社会地位的巩固过程；每页三到四个脚注可能引见了一千名或更多的、伯林所了解或谈及的政治家、公职人员、学者、音乐家和社会名流；单凭最后一点，他的信笺便是对往昔社会环境的一份独特记录。

More attention should be paid for lower income, less educated and peasants in caner health education and promotion.

随著收入和受教育年限的增加对肿瘤相关知识的知晓及对肿瘤的重视程度也相应地增加；结论：该地区在预防上消化道恶性肿瘤干预中应以低收入阶层和文化水平较低的农业人群为重点干预对象。

As the inaugurator of the socialist cause,Lenin had elaborated detailed dissertation about the necess...

列宁认为，作为国家专门裁决纠纷的职业阶层，法官在社会主义阶段仍然有其存在的历史必要性；法官应当是从人民群众中选举出的具有法律专业知识和实际修养的职业阶层；为了防止法官专断和擅权，主张废除法官终身制，实行社会主义的法官任期制。

In other words, the term "Subaltern Group" was created out of the need of the intellectual class. And the same goes for Subaltern Reality, especially the discourse of such.

也就是说，"底层"是因知识阶层的需要而被生产出来的，因此，底层现实也只是，甚至尤其一种话语。

Allenge.the rebellious tendency of emotion and nationally psychological custom appeared reasonable and no sensible form of superciliousness and jealousy and ill felling which was the road chinese intellectual who walked out from traditional form must follow or take.only after passing the blind and spontaneous stage,they possibly gradually changed and opened.

在传统面对挑战之际，他们很难心平气和地做出明智的选择，这种情感和民族心理习惯上的反抗趋势，呈现出合情却不合理的猜忌与恶感的样态，这是中国知识阶层走出传统模式的必由之路，只有经过这一盲目、自发阶段后，他们才能逐渐变化开放。

But Latin survived as the language of churchmen and the wealthy, educated classes, and was to have a profound effect on the development of the languages of southern Europe and England.

不过，作为宗教人士、上层阶级和知识阶层的语言，拉丁语仍被继续使用，并将对南欧国家和英国的语言发展产生深远的影响。

In view of executive power to intervene in the allocation of resources over the reality of the situation, should intensify their efforts to clean up the recent各种乱收费, levies, and shut the power of the currency market of the "gray channel" reflects the strong focus on cleaning up the community, do not lead to monopolies fair competition policy, and actively create a fair and regulated competitive environment, maximizing the contribution of income and reflected on and so on; to be a more effective means of remediation of illegal income, seek to abuse the interests of individuals or small groups with severe punishment imposed for corruption ; At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the reform of the political system, and promote democratization and openness in decision-making, and strengthen the public service and acts of administrative bodies at all levels of supervision and constraints on the exercise of such power by the process of forming a comprehensive and reasonable mechanism for binding.

当中产阶级成为一个国家的主流群体时，就会结成一张维护社会长治久安的&安全网&。如果说&社会稳定是压倒一切的政治任务&的话，那么，扩大中产阶级的比重就是实现稳定的社会基础。如何促进中国中产阶级的快速发展？笔者认为当前应特别重视以下几个方面：（1）加强法律保护的力度。实践证明，只有依法保护私人产权和维护社会公正，才能促使人们凭借勤劳和智慧去创造财富，才能抑制少数人依仗权势&寻租&和通过贪污腐败手段暴富，才能防止百姓的私有财产不被权贵势力非法侵吞。这样，所有的人将可平等地获得上升的机会，私人资本和职业阶层也会有更大的成长空间。（2）大力发展公共教育事业。知识能够帮助人们改变命运，只有大力发展公共教育，才能使更多的人得到平等分享经济增长成果的机会，这是知识经济时代培育中产阶级的&树人工程&。我们要尽快普及12年制义务教育，大力开展终身教育，打造更多的学习型组织，营造学习型社会的氛围，从而使更多的人通过攀登知识阶梯而升入中产阶级。（3）加快金融创新。中国居民目前工资收入在家庭收入中的比重平均为70％左右，大大高于发达国家50％的水平。工资收入在家庭收入中的占比过大，自然会减缓大多数人进入中产阶级行列的步伐。我们认为，要提高居民收入中非工资收入的比重，最重要的措施就要培育居民的投资意识，并通过金融创新为他们提供多样化的投资工具（如形式多样的共同基金等）。（4）提高专业技术人员、经营管理者、教师、研究人员、公务员等智力劳动者的收入，鼓励智力劳动者进行智力投资，并保护相应的合法权益。（5）建立职业经理人激励机制（包括年薪、奖金、红股、期权等方式），形成职业经理人致富与企业发展互动的财富积累机制。

Historic significance, elegant and implicit expression way, self-confident imposing manner and abundant aesthstic thought with deep language in Spring and Autumn Period, and reflect knowledge stratum's astronomy, geography, the Book of Sangs and the Book of History, philosophy, history, etc.

春秋辞令深厚的历史意义、文雅含蓄的表达方式、自信的气势和丰富的美学思想，以及辞令中体现春秋知识阶层天文、地理、诗书、哲学、历史等文化修养，充分展示了春秋时代精神。

However this does not mean consumers are ignorant parvenus.

在研究方法的部份，主要是运用质化研究的深度访谈法为主，并搭配参与观察法予以辅助，研究发现：在这个族群里的消费者，影响其购买名牌包的主要原因仍是停留在韦伯伦所说的炫耀性消费，但是这并不代表这群消费者是毫无知识、品味的暴发户，这群消费者已开始懂得去吸收名牌的相关知识来搭配自己的消费行为，不过尚属於较低层次的文化资本阶段；另外中间阶层的消费者对於名牌的知识来源主要是经由大众传播媒体所获取，而其他讯息的来源亦会对消费者造成一定程度的影响，不过主要讯息来源仍仰赖大种传播媒体的提供；最后，在社会资本方面呈现出男、女有别的情况，在女性方面，社会资本对於名牌包的消费影响力并非直接提供资源予消费者，而是透过社会资本来延伸消费者的文化资本，但是在男性方面，则表现出截然不同的情况，名牌包对於男性消费者有著工具性消费的意义，男性消费者呈现出一种强烈利用名牌包来达成自己目的的行为。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失