知识分子的

Don Quixote is a funny and sorrow story, a work that makes readers taste deeply sorrow when they are laughing at scenario of story. This text divides the meaning of Don Quixote into three layers. The first layer is taste layer, to analyse the comedy of absurdness and the tragedy of sublimity in Don Quixote. The second layer is history layer, to analyse that Don Quixote reflects the

本文把《堂吉诃德》的意蕴分为三个大层次，第一层是审美情韵层，主要分析了《堂吉诃德》荒诞的喜剧美和崇高的悲剧美；第二层是历史内容层，结合塞万提斯本人的经历和西班牙当时的历史，分五个层次进行阐析——塞万提斯本人的真实映射、西班牙社会的真实写照、摩尔人被驱逐的血泪史、西班牙海外殖民历史的曲折反映、反映了西班牙人文主义者与农民的社会关系等；第三层是哲理意味层，剖析了堂吉诃德的疯癫中显示的生命真实，从中看到知识分子"知其而不可为而为之"的人生态度，也映射出的塞万提斯的人文主义思想及其信仰危机和他心中的宗教理想，表现了作为文艺复兴后期代表的塞万提斯的进步的人文主义思想，蕴涵着作者心中无法磨灭的宗教理想，寄托了塞万提斯心中的爱憎和理想。

The central government came to a new high level of recognizing the science and technology after 1978, thus, a new policy of clerisy was established and a good political atmosphere, which benefits on popular science development, was formed. Besides, while the government's essential mission was transferred to economical construction, the popular science was accelerated by factors as economical development, social desire and economical treatment. Then, the prosperity of education set a good foundation for the development of popular science. Fourthly, the increase in the number of boffins and a fast advance on science and technology contributed to popular science's development intellectively. All these elements above caused the 2nd fastigium. However, during the last 1980s and early 1990s, confusion occurred to man's sense of worth in the period of economy transformation, which made popular science come to a downturn. As a result, the 2nd fastigium declined.

第四章对第二次科普高峰进行了分析。1978年以后，党中央对科学技术的认识达到了前所未有的程度，确立了新的知识分子政策，形成有利于科普发展的良好政治氛围；国家工作重心转移到经济建设上来，经济发展、社会需求和经济待遇等因素促进了科普的发展；文化教育事业的兴旺发达为科普的发展奠定了良好的基础；科技工作者队伍的壮大，科学技术的迅速发展，提供了科普发展的智力支持，这些综合因素促成了第二次科普高峰的到来。80年代末期到90年代初，由于在经济转型期出现了暂时的价值观混乱，科普工作陷入低迷，科普高峰消退。

The third part "Wu"s selfhood ideal" tries to reveal the humanism connotation of "using Tao to fight against Shi", through the analysis of Wu"s two kinds of ideal personality-man of honour and queer bachelor. In Wu"s opinion, at the end of the feudal times, the clerisy can vindicate the dignity of culture and the selfhood of literator, only by disputing the infraction of common customs thoughts and retaining the logos spirits of clerisy. This is Wu"s rational thinking to the dilemma lot when Chinese literators couldn"t unify "Tao" and "Shi.

第三部分"吴敬梓的人格理想"旨在通过对吴敬梓君子、奇人两种理想人格的分析，揭示其中蕴涵的"以道抗势"的人文内涵，在吴敬梓看来，在那个风雨如晦的封建末世里，作为"社会的良心"的知识分子，只有抗拒世俗思想的侵害，保持住文人的理性精神，才能维护文化的尊严和文人人格的尊严，这是吴敬梓对中国文人在"道"与"势"无法统一的情境下两难命运的理性思考。

That a small body of men like the troops of Liu Po-cheng should have entered a region already given over to the national enemy, have seized and eliminated bandits that were terrorizing the countryside, have established governments where there were none - that they should have, instead of fighting for their very existence, increased their forces ten and fifteen fold, and have crowned the whole effort by gaining control of nearly all the countryside beyond the cities - that this should have been done, not to a wastrel warlord in the wane of his fortunes, but to a proud and mighty foreign invader at the very height of his power, in the very hour of his victory, when almost all the rest of China was giving way before him - that all this should have been done by a mere handful of peasants and intellectuals who had been born from two rifles is a thing almost too extravagant for the pages of history.

刘伯承率领为数不多的小部队，居然敢于深入到已经沦陷于民族大敌手中的地区，剿灭了危害乡里的土匪，在没有政府的地方建立了政府。他们非但未被消灭，反而把自己的力量扩大了十至十五倍。最后，他们成功地控制了除城市以外的几乎全部农村。他们的对手并非一些没落的昏庸军阀，而是胜利在握、骄横不可一世、几乎把整个中国踩在脚下的外来侵略者。而他们自身，只不过是靠两条步枪起家的一小股农民和知识分子。这样惊天动地的业绩，实在是历史上前所未闻，然而却是千真万确的。但是，正由于共产党势力如此惊人地发展起来，由于他们对日军交通线的勇敢袭击，不久就给他们带来了巨大的因难。

In the rule of Confucianism and Buddhism retighten the grim abstinence among Chinese intellectuals to provide a breathing space for free, it is Lu:xing, to follow the natural and man-made object to the shackles, in the preservation of it free "life" in the process, do its utmost effort.

它在儒家的规矩严整与佛家的禁欲严峻之间，给中国的知识分子提供了一块可以自由呼吸的空间，它是率性的，是顺应自然的，而反对人为的束缚的，它在保全自由&生命&的过程中，竭尽了最大的心力。

And when the evening mist clothes the riverside with poetry, as with a veil, and the poor buildings lose themselves in the dim sky, and the tall chimneys become campanili, and the warehouses are palaces in the night, and the whole city hangs in the heavens, and fairy-land is before us——then the wayfarer hastens home; the working man and the cultured one, the wise man and the one of pleasure, cease to understand, as they have ceased to see, and Nature, who, for once, has sung in tune, sings her exquisite song to the artist alone, her son and her master——her son in that he loves her, her master in that he knows her.

到了晚上，薄雾用诗歌穿上了一层面纱，矮小的建筑迷失在昏暗的天空下，高大的烟囱变得更加突兀，仓库置于夜色中，整个城市悬挂在天空中，所谓的人间仙境就在我们眼前——旅客也因此加快了回家了脚步；无论是工人、知识分子，还是哲人或者消遣的人，都停止了思考，仿佛他们已经不再看得到。这一次自然唱得是那么优美动听，她为艺术家一人唱着优美的歌曲。把他当做她的孩子，她的家长——之所以说她的孩子是因为他爱她，而说是她的家长是因为他懂她。

And when the evening mist clothes the riverside with poetry, as with a veil, and the poor buildings lose themselves in the dim sky, and the tall chimneys become campanili, and the warehouses are palaces in the night, and the whole city hangs in the heavens, and fairy-land is before us——then the wayfarer hastens home; the working man and the cultured one, the wise man and the one of pleasure, cease to understand, as they have ceased to see, and Nature, who, for once, has sung in tune, sings her exquisite song to the artist alone, her son and her master——her son in that he loves her, her master in that he knows her.

夜幕降临，为河畔蒙上了一层轻纱，如诗般美丽、神秘。而那些毫不起眼的建筑物们则隐没在这昏暗的天空中，乍看之下，高耸的烟囱好似一座钟楼，破旧的仓库宛如宫殿般矗立于夜色之中。此时此刻，整个城市悬浮于半空中，如同仙境般展现在我们面前——接着，行人加快了回家的脚步；而工人、知识分子、智者抑或逍遥之人则驻足而望，停下了思考，故而，他们听不到自然那美妙绝伦的声音。大自然只为艺术家展现了歌喉，因为艺术家是她的孩子，她的主人——之所以这么说，因为孩子爱他的母亲，而主人则理解他的属下。

In the horizon of the Shandong essayists, they have been working to be creative prose, self-development and Qilu culture combines closely together, and thus at large to the nature, society, human, small to life ,concept, human, on the all aspects of subjective judgments, there are those who have rational statement said on historical experience and ethical culture, there are those idealists having watch feelings in the process of looking for the cultural and spiritual roots, there are also those intellectuals call for the moral on the worrying about the ecological environment, the implication of the display is the convergence and recycling with the spirit of Qilu culture in the new era.

在山东散文作家的文学视域里，他们一直努力将散文的创作、自我的发展与齐鲁文化紧密地揉合在一起，因而在对大至自然、社会、人类，小至生命、观念、人性等各个方面的主观判断中，既有反思者在历史遭遇与道德文化面前的理性言说，也有理想主义者在寻根文化和精神过程中的守望情怀，更有忧心忡忡的知识分子在生态关怀中的道德呼吁，这些意蕴的展示正是新的时代洪流下齐鲁文化精神的汇聚与再造。

It is not difficult to find that three ways of artistic creation coexisted in the tradition of western modern art during the past one hundred years: the first was the traditional realism, including the "radical realism" proposed by intellectuals and middle class in capitalist societies, the "neutral natural realism" and the "critical realism" in socialist countries.

在西方过去一百年的现代艺术的传统中，不难看到有三种艺术创作方式同时在发展：一种是传统的现实主义，包括资本主义社会中知识分子和中产阶级所主张的&激进的现实主义&和&中立的、自然的现实主义&，也包括社会主义国家的&批判现实主义&。

Neglected by the relevant academic circles, such abound historical resources, however, still lacks a systematic inquiry and research. My dissertation, in an attempt to identify the exact ideology of the Eastern Miscellany from 1904 to 1932, makes great efforts to analyze the variations of the periodical's editors as well as its commentary on social problems. My argument is that the intellectuals surrounding the Eastern Miscellany belonged to conservative librettists who took rationality, tolerance, pluralism, gradualism and reconciliation as the basic values.

长期以来，学术界对这一丰富的思想史资源并没有做过较为系统的分析与研究，有鉴于此，笔者从思想史的角度，择取了1904年至1932年1月间的《东方杂志》为研究对象，剖析了该时段内《东方杂志》办刊人员的流变情况、基本的办刊理念及其对一些重大社会问题的言路方式，确认聚集在该杂志上的知识分子群体为一个松散的自由主义群体，他们固守着理性、宽容、多元、渐进、调和等基本价值信念。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。