知识分子的

Old One Hundred Names was unaware of, and indifferent to, the fate of intellectuals during the Great Leap Forward and the Hundred Flowers epochs of the late 1950s, but seems on balance that for the first time in Chinese history , something was being done for his children's education and welfare, as it was being done contemporaneously in Russia , in the 1960s in Cuba , and continues to be done today in Venezuela .

在20世纪50年代的"大跃进"和"百花齐发"运动时期，作为底层民众的中国"老百姓"既没注意到也不在乎中国知识分子的命运，他们似乎在中国有史以来头一次通过政府给他们的社会地位找回了些许心理平衡，因为在此前的中国历史上，社会最底层民众家庭的孩子是享受不到教育或社会福利什么的，虽然这一幕幕同时也在当时的俄罗斯，20世纪60年代的古巴甚至在今天的委内瑞拉上演。

One is the lacking of suitable social context, restrained by Confucianism tradition of pragmatism. The other is the irrational fanatic circumstance after the 'Culture Revolution'. This resulted in the fact that science cannot perfect itself for its own sake at all and the intellectuals cannot stand on their dignity. The other is the hypercorrection of science people made. This turned science into 'God' in their mind. The fanaticism resulted in scientism in science circle and the prevailing pseudoscience in society.

究其原因，主要有几个方面：一是中国传统文化对科学技术的制约，"经世致用"的儒教传统使科学很难有健康发展的土壤；二是"文革"期间失去理性的社会环境，使科学根本不可能独善其身，科学技术和知识分子的人格尊严被无情的践踏；三是"文革"过后人们对科学的矫枉过正，这使得科学成为人们心目中的"上帝"，对科学的盲信导致了科学界"唯科学主义"的诞生和"伪科学"在社会中的盛行，并且科学对社会的危害也日益在引起人们的高度重视。

Four factors together caused this:(1) the insistence of the anti Gnostic fathers, particularly Tertullian, that the faithful are those who believe "the faith" as stated in the "rule of faith", ie, the Creed;(2) the intellectualism of Clement and Origen, to whom pistis was just an inferior substitute for, and stepping stone to, gnosis of spiritual things;(3) the assimilation of biblical morality to Stoic moralism, an ethic not of grateful dependence but of resolute selfreliance;(4) the clothing of the biblical doctrine of communion with God in Neoplatonic dress, which made it appear as a mystical ascent to the supersensible achieved by aspiring love, having no link with the ordinary exercise of faith at all.

有4个因素共同造成了这一：（ 1 ）坚持战斗在反腐败的诺斯替父亲，尤其是戴尔都良，即忠诚，是那些相信"诚信为本"的声明，在"法治诚信"，即，信仰；（ 2 ）知识分子的克莱门特和渊源，向谁信实的只是一个劣质的替代品，并踏脚石，预后的精神的东西，（ 3 ）同化的圣经道德斯多葛道德主义，伦理不是感激的依赖，但坚决自立；服装的圣经教义与上帝在neoplatonic著装，这使得它似乎是一个神秘上升到supersensible实现抱负的爱，没有结合一般意义上的演练的信念都没有。

Actually, the controversies about the New Generation Writers is not out of the sight even before the Rupture Event, such as the contestation on two Zhangs, the contest about Zhu Wen's I Love Dollars, and the so-called "Nanjing Conflict" in 1998,etc.

&新生代&出现的必然性 90年代的商品经济的产生发展为文学的转变提供了条件适宜的温床，89年的政治事件也深刻影响着知识分子的心灵。

As to his opinions on traditional culture, esp. the classic poems and verses, his contradicting idea was also overwhelming. On the one hand, he advocated referring to western poetics rather than Chinese classic poems and verses due to its lack in content, form and language; on the other hand, deeply influenced by Chinese classic culture and hard to get rid of it, he was ineluctably restricted by Chinese classic culture and finally regressed to the traditional mood of Chinese intellectuals.

第三、在对待中国传统文化尤其是古典诗词的态度上，穆旦也存在着颇耐人寻味的矛盾，一方面有感于古典诗词在内容、形象和语言上的弊端，拒绝接受古典诗词的影响，而提倡多借鉴西方诗学理论：另一方面又由于身处中国传统文化的&山山水水&之中，自身无法摆脱特定的文化身份，不可避免地要受到中国古典文化传统的限制和拘囿，甚至最终回归到传统知识分子的文化心态。

Four factors together caused this:(1) the insistence of the anti Gnostic fathers, particularly Tertullian, that the faithful are those who believe "the faith" as stated in the "rule of faith", ie, the Creed;(2) the intellectualism of Clement and Origen, to whom pistis was just an inferior substitute for, and stepping stone to, gnosis of spiritual things;(3) the assimilation of biblical morality to Stoic moralism, an ethic not of grateful dependence but of resolute selfreliance;(4) the clothing of the biblical doctrine of communion with God in Neoplatonic dress, which made it appear as a mystical ascent to the supersensible achieved by aspiring love, having no link with the ordinary exercise of faith at all.

有4个因素共同造成了这一：（ 1 ）坚持战斗在反腐败的诺斯替父亲，尤其是戴尔都良，即忠诚，是那些相信&诚信为本&的声明，在&法治诚信&，即，信仰；（ 2 ）知识分子的克莱门特和渊源，向谁信实的只是一个劣质的替代品，并踏脚石，预后的精神的东西，（ 3 ）同化的圣经道德斯多葛道德主义，伦理不是感激的依赖，但坚决自立；服装的圣经教义与上帝在neoplatonic著装，这使得它似乎是一个神秘上升到supersensible实现抱负的爱，没有结合一般意义上的演练的信念都没有。

This article is based on the arrangement and appraisal of academic thought and practice of Richard Hoggart—the founder of the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies, trying to explore the historical background of the rise and development of British Cultural Studies, and investigating the basic academic position and the research characteristic of the early cultural studies.

本文将以教育这一特殊视角来探寻西方文化研究的源头，在当时英国知识分子的知识实践和时代追问中理解文化研究产生的必然性及其重大意义，置身于当时的历史文化语境，对伯明翰学派的奠基者——理查德·霍加特的学术思想和教育实践进行梳理和评价，试图发掘英国文化研究兴起及发展的历史机缘和时代意义，并以此来进一步探究早期文化研究的基本学术主张和研究特色。

Dostoevski told God-Man from Man-God, examined the differences between the true spirit of Christ and the anti-Christ who pretended to be Messiah and led people onto the road to serfdom. Dostoevski deeply doubted reason, liberty, enlightenment, and modernity, he also carefully looked into the painful tortured hearts of intellectuals, who were the offspring of modernity. All these above are embodied penetratively in 地下室人基里洛夫, Raskolnikov,梅希金、Ivan,etc.

他对&神－人&与&人－神&的思辨，对真基督精神与伪装成弥赛亚带领民众走向奴役之路的反基督之间的区分，对理性与现代性的深度怀疑，以及对现代性的产物――知识分子的痛苦撕裂的内心的审视，相当深刻的体现在了基里洛夫、拉斯科利尼科夫、梅希金、伊凡等人及其内在发展关系上。

It is in part because feminism at the very end of the century seems to be an intellectual undertaking in which the complicated, often mundane issues of modern life get little attention and the narcissistic ramblings of a few new media-anointed spokeswomen get far too much.

其中部分原因是在这个世纪最末尾的时候，在现代生活复杂的鸡毛蒜皮的小事中，女权主义变成了知识分子的事业，得不到关注，加上一些新时代的受过媒体洗礼的女发言人们孤芳自赏的言论走得太远。

It is in part because feminism at the very end of the century seems to be an intellectual undertaking in which the complicated, often mundane issues of modern life get little attention and the narcissistic ramblings of a few new media-anointed spokeswomen get far too much.

其中部分原因是在这个世纪最末尾的时候，在现代生活复杂的鸡毛蒜皮的小事中，女权主义变成了知识分子的事业，得不到关注，再加上一些新时代的受过媒体洗礼的女发言人们孤芳自赏的言论走得太远。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。