矢量方程

We derived the scalar quantity of magnetic quasi-static vector equation in the electromagnetic crystallizer in the cylindrical coordinates by assuming condition for the mathematical modeling of the electromagnetic crystallizer and dimensionless method and reduction of parameters of electromagnetic governing equations.

在假设了对电磁结晶器数学建模的依据条件下，通过对电磁控制方程组进行参数无量纲化和简化，在柱坐标系中，推导出电磁结晶器内的磁准静态矢量方程的标量形式。

Built up dimensional reference frame and vector equation of movement model of orthogonal turn-miling.

为了提高数控车铣的编程效率，论述了正交车铣运动的特征，同时通过对正交车铣运动过程的分析，建立了一个描述其运动的空间坐标系，从而建立了正交车铣运动模型的矢量方程。

According to the construction constituted and the drive principles, the formation methods of the theoretical tooth shape and the practical tooth profile for hypocycloid and epicycloid are studied, and the right-angle coordinate equations and the complex number vector equations are deduced respectively.

根据摆线钢球行星传动的结构组成原理和啮合传动原理，研究了构成钢球摆线槽端面啮合副的内、外摆线理论齿形和实际齿廓的形成方法，并分别推导出内外摆线理论齿形和实际齿廓的直角坐标方程和复数矢量方程。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The constitutive equation between current density vector and electric field strength vector is tranformed into s-domain by the principle of Laplace transform,and the inverse Laplace transform is adopted for the explicit equations between them in time-domain. Finally through exponential time stepping,the FDTD iteration equations are obtained,which can be easily solved in discrete-time-domain.

该方法是将电流密度矢量与电场强度矢量之间的本构方程基于拉普拉斯变换原理转到复频域，然后再逆变换到时域得到它们之间显式的方程，最后再结合指数差分，得到离散时域的显式的FDTD迭代方程，解决了本构方程中电流密度矢量的分量相互耦合而不易直接离散的困难。

Using Matlab and its Add-ons Simulink, through establishing simulation maths model, the paper integrates open chain vector equation, numerical value simulation (computing velocity and displacement while given acceleration) and matrix algebra, etc.

利用MATLAB及其附加软件Simulink，通过建立仿真数学模型，综合开环矢量方程、数值仿真(在加速度已知时计算速度和位移)、以及矩阵代数等来完成机器人动态仿真，对所研究的机器人运动学分析结果进行验证，结果基本一致，为机器人的后续研究，如动力学，控制等奠定基础。

Implementing agencies and the use of crank-rocker mechanism slider combination of six design agencies and institutions to carry out the design of specific size, the use of vector graphics equation analytical method for institutional analysis of speed and acceleration.

执行机构采用曲柄摇杆机构和滑块机构组合而成的六杆机构的设计方案，并对机构的具体尺寸进行了设计计算，采用矢量方程图形解析法对机构进行速度和加速度分析。

As vector equation.

以矢量方程

The swing mechanism of a rocking mixer is analyzed using the computational software Matlab and vector equation analysis.

应用计算软件Matlab，根据矢量方程解析法对摇滚式混合机的摆动机构进行了分析，由摆动支架摆角变化求出其相应的摆动角速度和摆动角加速度，并计算出整个摆动部分的重心和转动惯量，得到摆动所需功率。

The steady and 1st order velocity dependent vector solutions of forces for two level atom are obtained. The solutions are applied to TEM01 laser beam and analysis shows that it exists vortex force acting on the atom.

推导了两能级原子在稳态和小速度一阶微扰近似下的受力矢量方程，并分析表明TEM*01模光场对原子的作用力中存在旋涡力。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。