矢量

After getting these four line-of-sight vectors, we inverse these data in special observation coordinate based on space analytical geometry, then we can get the vector that has three components on every coordinate, this vector will be treated as the total wind profile in the three-dimensional observation field, the result of this four-point method can basically reflect all the spatial and temporal variation of the atmospheric wind.

在得到视线方向风速矢量后，从选定的三维观测坐标系对这四个矢量进行空间解析几何的运算，可得到观测坐标系的各坐标轴上四个测量矢量的各坐标分量的标量和。从而以这个在三个坐标轴上都有分量的矢量作为在观测视场内的总的风场的风速矢量。

The theoretical system for describing the structures of organic and drug molecules using 3 types of molecular electronegativity-distance is created based on various atomic types and atomic attributes. These MEDVs include MEDV-4 based on 4 atomic types and relative electronegativity and relative bond length to carbon atom, and molecular holographic distance vector based on 13 atomic types and relative bond length to carbon atom, and MEDV-13 based on 13 atomic types and atomic attributes and the modified electrotopological state index.

通过不同原子类型与原子属性划分方案，创建了3种形式的分子电性距离矢量即以4种原子类型划分方案和以碳原子为标准的相对电负性与相对键长为基础的分子电性距离矢量MEDV-4、以13种原子类型划分方案和相对键长为基础的全息分子距离矢量MHDV、以13种原子类型与43种原子属性划分方案以及修饰的电拓扑状态指数和拓扑距离为基础的分子电性距离矢量MEDV-13等3种矢量描述子表征分子结构的理论体系。

The coordinate transformation and numerical integration was executed on the discretized tetrahedral elements based on which the 3-D MT vector-finite element method was implemented. A whole computation framework for 3-D vector-finite element method with unstructured mesh was given. Based on this some typical models were tested which has demonstrated that our algorithm could distinctively avoid problems caused by the fake solution and both the accuracy and efficiency were enhanced which made our algorithm has a bright future for further application.3. According to theory of Sobolev vector space and the discretization of Helmholtz space, the error estimate which was suitable for 3-D MT vector-finite element modeling was deduced by which the procedure of adaptive technique was guaranteed.4. Based on the fully unstructured tetrahedralization and optical strategy, the 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element method was presented through combining the error estimate. With this work, the accuracy and creditableness for 3-D MT complicatedly modeling was guaranteed.5. The 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element algorithm with unstructured mesh was implemented.

针对非结构化的四面体单元，采用坐标变换和数值积分方法，实现了MT三维矢量有限单元分析，建立起基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元计算流程，并对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟，结果对比和分析表明，基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元不仅消除了节点型有限元的伪解，而且具有很高的计算精度和速度，有广阔的应用前景。3、根据Sobolev函数的向量空间和Hemlholtz空间的分解，推导出基于残差的三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，为三维大地电磁自适应矢量有限元数值模拟的实现奠定了基础。4、在完全非结构化四面体单元剖分及优化基础上，结合三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，提出了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算策略，保证了对复杂大地电磁模型数值计算的精度和可靠性。5、实现了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算流程，对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟。

First,image structure vector field is derived from source luminance orthonormal vector sets. Andusing neighbor vectors to improve the weak gradient fields produces the structure vectorfield that is needed by LIC rendering. Then, LIC convolution step-length is adjustedaccording to local curvature in the structure vector field. LIC convolution length iscalculated according to the local statistical characteristics of the texture image. Finally, thealgorithm transfers the reference image\'s color characteristics to the rendering result tomake it full of rich color like oil paintings.

该算法通过计算源图像亮度分量的切矢量产生图像的结构矢量场，并对弱矢量区域进行邻域填充处理，获得LIC绘制所需的结构矢量场；然后，根据结构矢量场的局部曲率特征调整LIC的积分步长，并根据纹理参考图像的局部统计特征，自适应地改变LIC的积分长度；最后，将颜色传输算法引入LIC绘制结果，对绘制效果颜色进行渲染。

An elliptic rotating field is produced when an induction motor operates in asymmetry, this paper proposes a model of jointed motion to describe the motion of an elliptic rotating vector and states that the elliptic rotating vector is jointed with two components, the main one rotates forward at a uniform speed while the adjunctive one jointed at the topend of the main one rotates backward around the joint point at a double speed, both make the elliptic rotating vector rotate at swinging amplitude, speed and direction.

感应电机不对称运转时产生椭圆旋转磁场，本文建立了描述椭圆旋转矢量的接合运动模式，说明椭圆旋转矢量是由一个主矢量带动一个付矢量一起旋转构成的接合矢量，主矢量以匀速旋转，付矢量链接在主矢量顶端同时绕着链接点相对主矢量以二倍速反向旋转，两者共同构成的一个单向椭圆旋转矢量。

Vectorgraph can be converted to a bitmap, but in turn bitmap converted to vectorgraph technical comparison difficult to achieve, a lot of graphic design software that support the use of pixel figure converted to vectorgraph, a general description of the software for free vector function realization, so that we can on the basis of vectorgraph to do the editing, but this kind of conversion sometimes is time-consuming, and sometimes does not achieve the expected results, it is generally used for relatively simple bitmap, or you would like some special effects.

矢量图可以转换成位图，不过反过来把位图转换为矢量图技术上比较难实现，很多图形设计软件都支持将像素图转换成矢量图性，一般可用矢量软件的描摹功能实现，这样我们就可以在矢量图形的基础上再做编辑，但这样的转换有时候会很耗时，有时候并不能达到预想的效果，一般用于比较简单的位图，或者想要表现一些特殊的效果。

And the perfect Q-vector was applied to diagnose a heary rain process for August 3～5, 1996. The results showed that there were more advantageous using the perfect Q-vector, and suggested that the perfect Q-vector could clearly reveal the system development of the heary rain; the divergence center or line, the divergence field and the frontogenesis function field of the perfect Q-vector could be used to locate the heary rain area; the center magnitudes of the perfect Q-vector divergence field and the frontogenesis function field could be signified the intensity of the heary rain.

结果表明，完全Q矢量能较清楚地揭示暴雨天气系统的演变；考虑了湿过程的完全Q矢量在暴雨的诊断过程中显示了其更大的优越性；定性而言，完全Q矢量散度的辐合中心或辐合线、散度场和锋生函数场有助于确定暴雨的落区，暴雨区正好落在低层完全Q矢量散度场辐合中心和锋生函数场正值中心之间；定量而言，低层完全Q矢量散度场辐合中心和锋生函数场正值中心大小对暴雨强度有显著的指示作用。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Present a new LVQ wavelet image coding algorithm in which entropy coding and enumeration codes of different length are utilized. For wavelet image coding, there is a problem of mismatch between lattice distribution and the input vector probability density function in traditional LVQ algorithms (such as product-code pyramid VQ and piecewise uniform LVQ).

提出一种使用熵编码和非等长枚举码的格点矢量量化算法用于小波图象的编码，该算法以格点标记码码长的变化来适应输入矢量的非均匀分布，解决了传统的乘积码塔形矢量量化和分块均匀格点矢量量化算法中格点的调整难以与输入矢量概率分布实现良好匹配的问题。

The realize method of ITC strategy in FSTP induction generation system is studied. In order to improve stable performance of FSTP induction generation system, SVM-ITC (ITC based on space vector modulation) is investigated. Creation method of reference voltage vector which includes change trend and magnitude information of flux link and torque is presented. Because there is no zero voltage vector in four-switch system, a method which employs opposite vector in equal time to replace zero voltage vector is proposed. Two vector modulation schemes are presented.

为提高容错型四开关三相异步发电系统的稳态性能，进行了基于空间矢量调制的瞬时转矩控制研究，提出了包含磁链与转矩变化趋势与大小信息的电压参考矢量生成方法；针对四开关系统无零电压矢量的情况，提出用等时间相反矢量来代替零电压矢量的作用，并给出了两种矢量调制方案。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。