着丝粒

The active targets of the aneugens in the cells were not only chromosome and DNA but also all kinds of mitosis apparatuses (such as centriole, kinetochore, microtubule of spindle etc ),centromere and cell membrane.

非整倍体诱发剂在细胞中的作用靶标通常不仅是染色体和DNA，也可包括各种有丝分裂器（如中心粒、着丝点、纺锤体微管），着丝粒和细胞膜。

Having the centromere in the median position so that the arms are of equal length.

染色体中央着丝粒的由于着丝粒在中央而具有两个等臂的。

A complete sequence of a chromosome centromere is very necessary for fully understanding centromere function.

染色体着丝粒的完整序列对于研究着丝粒的功能非常重要。

A SSR marker based linkage map covering chromosome 10 and the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 11 of rice was constructed and applied for mapping fertility-restoring genes in Zhenshan 97A/(Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46)F_ 6 population consisting of 704 lines.

应用由704个株系组成的珍汕97A/(珍汕97B/密阳46)F6测交群体，针对水稻第10染色体和第1、11染色体短臂构建了微卫星标记连锁图谱，检测到控制野败型细胞质雄性不育育性恢复的4个QTL，其中位于第10染色体长臂中下部的Rf4具有主效效应，位于第1染色体短臂的Rf3具有较大效应，位于第10染色体长臂近着丝粒处的qRf10和第11染色体短臂近着丝粒处的qRf11表现出微效作用。

The centromere contains the kinetochore, a structure involved in the attachment of the chromosomes to the spindle during nuclear division.

着丝点上包含了着丝粒，着丝粒确保细胞在分裂中染色体与纺锤体的整合，发生有序的染色体分离。

Experiment result shows that 1.there are totally 26 chromosomes;2.chromosome 1,2,5,7,8,10,12 have central centromeres;chromosome3,4,6,9,11,13 have vise central centromeres;sex chromosome cannot be detected.

实验结果显示，其染色体共有2n=26条，其中其中1，2，5，7，8，10，12为中部着丝粒；3，4，6，9，11，13为亚中部着丝粒，性染色体无法分辨。

Telocentric lenses work with a wide depth of field. With a telocentric lens, you can image objects of different distances from the lens and the objects stay in focus.

具端着丝粒的镜头(注：我猜是类似于针孔镜头吧)具有宽阔之景深，以具端着丝粒的镜头，你能够将由镜头不同距离之目标物成像和保持目标物在焦。

X chromosome was a large submetacentric chromosome. Y chromosome was a small metacentric chromosome.The relative length of chromosome was measured by AutoCAD software. The relative length of autosomes ranged from 1.545% to 4.921% in Yanbian yellow cattle and from 1.637% to 5.855% in Liyan hybrid cattle.

结果表明，延边黄牛和利延杂交牛二倍体染色体数目2n=60，公牛核型为2n=60，XY，母牛为2n=60，XX，其中29对常染色体均为端着丝粒染色体，X染色体为较大的亚中着丝粒染色体，Y染色体为较小的中着丝粒染色体。

The results are as follow:The diploid chromosome number of Taihe Silkies was 2n=78,the basic number of chromosome arms was AF=90 and the sex chromosome type was ZZ/ZW.According to the measured relative length,arm ratio and centromeric index,the first 10 pairs of macro-chromosomes are described as follows:No.1 ,9 and Z,W chromosomes were metacentrics,No.2,4,7 were submetacentrics,and No.3,6,8,10 were telocentrics.Studies on Taihe Silkies′ G-band showed that the first 10 pairs of macro-chromosomes can be divided into 29 zones and 190 bands.

结果表明：泰和乌骨鸡体细胞染色体数目2n=78，染色体基本臂数AF=90，1、9号染色体及Z、W性染色体为中央着丝粒染色体，2、4、7号染色体为亚中央着丝粒染色体，3、6、8、10号染色体为端着丝粒染色体。G带研究表明：前10对大型染色体可分为29个区，190条带。C带处理发现，所有母鸡分裂相中W性染色体都出现C带并整条深染。

YR-cohesion chromosome model will give a better answer to the questions such as exchange,centromere,holocentromere,synaptonemal complex,polytene chromosome,puff,lampbrush chromosome,chromosome banding,non-segregation of sister chromatid,pollentube pathway and biological evolution.

YR-染色体模型能自然、合理地解释所有遗传现象，如交换、着丝粒、全身着丝粒或弥散型着丝粒染色体、同源染色体联会及联会复合体的中央区、多线染色体与膨突、灯刷染色体、染色体分带、姊妹染色体由前期到中期不分开、花粉管会导入外源遗传物质、高等生命是怎样从原始生物进化而来的等等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。