眼球

Methods The optical calculation was taken as the following by using the parameter of Gullstrand model eye:①The refraction of silicone filled eye in non-accommodative status;②The refraction of silicone filled eye in non-accommodative status;③The aniseikonia analysis when one eye filled with the silicone oil;④The IOL power re-calculation.

采用Gullstrand模型眼参数进行以下分析：①非调节状态下正常眼球与硅油填充后眼球的屈光状态；②调节状态下正常眼球与硅油填充后眼球的屈光状态；③无晶状体眼玻璃体腔填充后的屈光状态；④正常眼球与填充硅油后视网膜像放大率变化；⑤硅油填充后的白内障人工晶状体植入术人工晶状体度数的变化。

RESULTS: In the 1105 girl students examined, the average interpupillary distance was 59.27mm in the normal eyesight group and 59.35mm in the myopia group, without significant difference by statistical treatment.

结果：1105名受检青年女性中，视力正常组与近视眼组的瞳距均值分别为59.27，59.35mm，两组瞳距比较经统计学处理无差异性存在；眼球突出度均值视力正常组为15.49mm，近视眼组为15.76mm；视力正常眼，轻度、中度、高度近视眼各组人群测定眼球突出度经方差分析比较有显著性差异（F=6.108，P.01），4组人群眼球突出度经LSD处理后两两比较：视力正常眼与中、高度近视眼，高度近视眼与轻、中度近视眼等4组之间均有显著性差异（P.05）；各组眼球突出度左、右眼间比较，差异均无显著性。

In addition, there is a "pseudo-myopia", which due to excessive use of regulatory role For example, in children, adolescents reading, the reading with the eye too close a distance, it is bound to increase the regulatory role of the eye, causing ciliary muscle function to enhance or spasm, this occurrence of myopia in school, and family to learn some of the irrational factors , for example, a natural classroom lighting, lighting, lighting, seating, seated, excessive use eyes, pay attention to eye health, eye fatigue is closely related to myopia is divided into mild myopia (-3D below); moderate myopia (-- 3D - 6D),-6D or more as high myopia, myopia authenticity required to wear appropriate glasses, children and adolescents need to be fully dilated in the absence of regulating state optometry, refraction measured by the eye itself, after the age of 18 , in the myopia progression-free circumstances, do radial keratotomy to correct myopia.

此外尚有一种"假性近视"，其因过度运用调节作用，例如在儿童、青少年读书时，读物与眼球的距离过于接近，势必增加眼球的调节作用，引起睫状肌功能增强或痉挛，这种近视的发生与在学校以及家庭学习的一些不合理因素有关，例如教室的自然采光，灯光照明，坐位、坐姿，过度用眼，不注意用眼卫生、眼疲劳有密切关系，近视眼又分为轻度近视（－3D以下）；中度近视（－3D—－6D），－6D以上者为高度近视，真性近视需配戴合适的眼镜，儿童和青少年均需充分散瞳，在无调节状态下验光，测出眼球本身的屈光度，18岁以后，在近视无进展的情况下，可做放射状角膜切开术，以矫正近视。

Results Among the 62 cases, 23 were simple orbital wall fracture and the other 39 were complex orbital fracture.

结果 62例眼眶骨折中23例为单纯眶壁骨折，其中18例术前有复视，19例出现Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级眼球运动障碍；术后12个月时，仅5例残留Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级复视，5例有Ⅰ级眼球运动障碍。39例复合性眼眶骨折中，其中36例术前有复视，38例发生眼球运动障碍；术后12个月时，29例有复视（6例为Ⅲ级复视），22例有眼球运动障碍。

The orbital fracture may lead to many serious consequences including diplopia, enophthalmos and disturbance of ocular movement.

讨论：眼眶骨折可导致一系列并发症，包括眼球内陷、复视和眼球运动障碍，复视和眼球运动障碍与骨折移位和眼外肌嵌顿有关，骨折复位、解除嵌顿多可得到治疗，而眼球内陷的治疗则较为困难。

Results:Incidence rate of restricted ocular motility, diplopia and enophthalmos were 63.2%, 62.3% and 59.6% respectively; The incidence of optic nerve injury, lacrimal injury and rupture of the globe was 15.8%, 15.8% and 12.3% respectively.

结果：眼球运动障碍、复视和眼球内陷发生率分别为63.2％、62.3％和59.6％；视神经损伤、泪道损伤和眼球破裂的发生率分别为15.8％、15.8％和12.3％。95.6％的患者接受了眶壁整复和人造骨植入术；72.8％的患者进行了骨折复位内固定术；部分患者进行了视神经减压术、眼球修补术和泪道手术。

Conclution Enophthalmos usually appeared in the second and third week, and it tended to steady until the third month. The ratio is 1.0 between the expansion of the orbital volume behind the axis of the globe and the degree of enophthalmos. The ratio measurement may predict the occurrence and the final degree of the enophthalmos , may provide precise parameter for implant's volume . It has very important clinical significance.

眼球内陷通常于伤后2周～3周出现，3个月时趋向稳定；后部眶容积增大与眼球内陷产生比值为1.0，呈正相关；后部眶容积扩大与眼球内陷比值可预测发生眼球内陷的可能性和程度，为手术矫正眼球内陷提供可靠、精确的参考，具有十分重要的临床指导意义。

Results In early stage group, 5 of 60 cases appeared enophthalmos in first week(8.33%), 48(80%)cases appeared in second week, 53(88.33%)cases appeared in third week. No significant difference was found in second week and third week（χ2＝1.563, P＜0.001. There were significant difference between the first week and second week（χ2＝62.484,P＜0.001 ,the first week and third week（χ2＝76.885,P＜0.001）. There was significant linear correlation between expansion of the orbital volume behind the axis of the globe and the degree of enophthalmos（r=0.994,P＜0.001,with each 1.0ml expansion in the orbital volume behind the axis of the globe causing approximately 1.0mm enophthalmos.

结果：早期组60例患者中，5（8.33%）例患者在1周内出现眼球内陷，48（80%）例在2周内出现内陷， 3周时有53（88.33%）例呈现出内陷；2周时出现眼球内陷的例数与1周时有显著性差异（χ2＝62.484， P＜0.001），2周时出现眼球内陷例数与3周时无差异（χ2＝1.563， P＞0.05），1周时出现眼球内陷例数与3周时有显著差异（χ2＝76.885，P＜0.001），后部眶容积增大与眼球内陷的比值约为1.0，两者之间呈正相关（r=0.994，P＜0.001），即后部眶容积每增加1ml，产生1.0mm的眼球内陷。

In this study,we investigate the efficacy and safety of intraocular use of fluconazole in the treatment of ocular fungal infection. Ten patients with intraocular fungal infections were examined. Among these patients , eight were infected with keratomycosis with intraocular spreading, one had postoperative fungal endophthalmitis after cataract operation with an intraocular lens implant, and another suffered from endogenous fungal endophthalmitis.

为探讨眼球内注射fluconazole用於治疗眼球内霉菌感染之效果以及安全性；我们搜集十位眼球内霉菌感染的病人，其中包括八位严重角膜霉菌感染；两位为霉性眼内炎，这些病人在传统治疗无法有效控制感染后，都曾接受眼球内注射fluconazole的治疗，包括前房灌洗、前房内注射或玻璃体内注射，使用浓度为5-10g/ml。

In our study, panophthalmitis (26.9％) and retinoblastoma (18.8％) were the most common causes of evisceration and enucleation respectively.Infections of the eye contributed to 72.0％ of eviscerations while tumors contributed to 51.8％ of enucleations.

全眼球炎(26.9%)和视网膜母细胞瘤(18.8%)是眼球摘除术和眼球内容摘除术共同的病因，72.0%因眼部感染行眼球摘除术，51.8%因眼部肿瘤行眼内容摘除术。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。