眼底

The technique using the laser photocoagulation on dry retinal tear appears to be safe and reliable, especially applied among the high-risk population with retinal detachment including the high myopia, the aphakia, ocular blunt trauma and the artificial-lens.

干性视网膜裂孔行眼底激光光凝术安全可靠、无不良反应，尤其在视网膜脱离高危人群包括高度近视眼、无晶状体眼和人工晶状体眼、钝挫伤以及另眼有视网膜脱离病史者，更应常规散瞳进行详细的眼底检查，早期发现干性裂孔，及时给予眼底激光光凝术，防患于未然。

Objective To investigate the clinical features, causes of blindness and diagnosis of Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome Methods The data of 157 patients with VKH syndrome were reviewed and analyzed Patients were carefully examined with slit lamp, ophthalmoscope, three mirror lens, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and HLA typing Results Headache was noted in 73 5% of these patients Simultaneous involvement of both eyes occurred in 80 8% of these patients Chroiditis,papilledema and edema of the retina adjacent to the optic nerve were noted in 100% of these patients in the posterior uveitis stage, whereas recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis (98 4%),"sunset glow" fundus (95 8%) and Dalen Fuchs nodules (71 2%) were the common ocular findings in the recurrent anterior uveitis stage The common causes of blindness were papillitis, exudative retinal detachment and complicated cataract in the posterior uveitis stage, anterior uveal involvement stage and its recurrent stage Poliosis (36 3%) and alopecia (35 0%) were the most common extraocular findings Early irregular patches of fluorescence, followed by localized hyperfluorescent spots were the typical findings of FFA Dilation of choroidal vessels and leakage of ICG from the choroidal vessels were the common ICGA findings The prevalence of HLA DR4 and HLA DRw53 in patients (54 9% and 71 8% respectively) was significantly higher than that in controls (14 7% and 38 2% respectively) Conclusions VKH syndrome is characterized by chroiditis, papillitis or neuroretinitis in the posterior uveitis stage, followed by a generalized uveitis with a typical recurrent granulomatous anterior uveitis Extraocular findings and relevant examinations including FFA, ICGA and HLA typing are helpful to the diagnosis of VKH syndrome

目的探讨Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada综合征患者的临床特征、盲目原因及诊断等有关问题。方法对在1996年1月至2000年12月间就诊资料完整的157例VKH综合征患者进行回顾性分析，并对裂隙灯、眼底镜、三面镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography，ICGA)及人类白细胞抗原分型等检查结果进行分析。结果 VKH综合征最常见的前驱症状为头痛(102例，73.5%)，双眼同时患病118例(80.8%)；后葡萄膜炎期眼部主要表现为脉络膜炎、视乳头及附近视网膜水肿(100.0%)；前葡萄膜炎反复发作期眼部表现为复发性肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎(128例，98.4%)、晚霞状眼底改变(95.8%)及Dalen-Fuchs结节(71.2%)；后葡萄膜炎期、前葡萄膜受累期及前葡萄膜炎反复发作期导致盲目的主要原因分别为视乳头炎、视网膜脱离及并发性白内障；毛发变白(36.3%)及脱发(35.0%)是最常见的眼外表现；炎症活动期FFA典型表现为斑驳状高荧光，ICGA发现脉络膜血管扩张、通透性增高等改变；VKH综合征患者HLA-DR4及HLA-DRw53的阳性率(54.9%及71.8%)显著高于正常对照组(14.7%及38.2%)。结论 VKH综合征患者在后葡萄膜炎期眼部典型表现为双侧脉络膜炎、视乳头炎或神经视网膜炎，随后出现以反复发作的肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎为特征的全葡萄膜炎。眼外症状及相关的辅助检查包括FFA、ICGA 及HLA分型等有助于VKH综合征的诊断。

Fundus examination is an important measure to diagnosis for the disease of eyes and the other .

眼底检查是诊断眼睛和身体其他部位的疾病的重要手段，目前，多用可见光做光源的检眼镜和眼底照相观察和拍摄眼底图，对人眼有着较强的刺激。

Methods Eighty-six newborns babies were divided into two groups: 2 gestation week group (n=38) and≥32 gestation week group (n=48), routine eyeground screening were carried out with indirect-funduscope by oculist, and one time per week.

早产儿86例根据胎龄分为2组：＜32周胎龄组(n=38)和≥32周胎龄组(n=48)，并由眼科医师使用间接眼底镜进行眼底筛查，以后检查眼底1次/周。

In imaging system of ocular fundus, geometric distortion might be unavoidable, which is brought by taking photo at off angle. Based on anatomical and physiological characters of oculus, a mathematical model, suitable to medical visualization, is constructed.

本文根据眼球的解剖学和生理学特征建立了适于医学可视化的眼底数学模型，并且分析了眼底成像技术某些先验知识，根据畸变产生的原因提出了一种新的系统校正法消除眼底图像的几何畸变。

At present, the ophthalmoscope and fundus camera commontly depend on visible light for light source to observe and shoot fundus images, it has strong stimulation to the eyes.

本文在眼底照相机和眼底电视光学系统的基础上，提出了利用红外光源作检眼设备的眼底红外检测仪。

Methods The clinical data of 31 continuous patients (34 eyes) with PED diagnosed by ocular fundus photochromy, fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography from Oct, 2001 to Aug, 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.

方法回顾分析2001年10月至2004年8月经荧光素眼底血管造影确诊为PED的31例(34只眼)50岁以上连续性病例，眼底改变的特征，患者均进行眼底彩色照相、FFA及吲哚青绿血管造影检查。

Methods Fundus photograph,fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed in a series of 70 patients with unilateral AMD and drusens and pigmentary changes in the macular region in contralateral eyes.

对70例一眼为湿性型AMD的患者对侧眼作眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA）以及ICGA检查，并对其眼底荧光图像进行比较和分析。

All cases were examined with retinoscope or retinography, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography pre- and postoperatively.

术前术后进行眼底检查、眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography ，FFA）以及光学相干断层成像术检查（optical coherence tomography， OCT），将各种检查结果进行比较及评价。

METHODS 80 eyes of 47 patients with glaucoma (31 eyes of 18 patients with POAG , 27 eyes of 14 patients with NTG and 22 eyes of 15 patients with CACG ) and 44 normal eyes of 39 control subjects were tested by simultaneous ICGA and fluorescein angiography with Heidelberg retina angiograph. The occurrence and extent of peripapillary atrophy and indocyanine green angiographic anormalies of optic disk were compared between glaucoma and control group, and among the three types of glaucoma as well.

应用Heidelberg共焦激光扫描眼底血管造影仪(Heidelberg retina angiograph，HRA)，对青光眼患者47例80只眼(POAG 18例31只眼；NTG 14例27只眼；CACG 15例22只眼)及正常对照组44例44只眼行吲哚青绿眼底血管造影(indocyanine green angiography，ICGA)和荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)同步检查，比较青光眼与对照组及青光眼各组间视盘旁萎缩(peripapillary atrophy，PPA)以及视盘ICGA表现的差异。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。