真菌的

Results The results showed that the average concentration of the bacteria, fungi and total microbes in the outdoor environment were 5.04×10^4, 3.75×10^3 and 5.41×10^4 cfu/m^3 respectively and the fungi accounted for 6.92% of the total. The preliminary identification showed that the dominant bacteria mainly were Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus and the average percentage were 37.3%, 21.0%, 10.3% and 9.5% respectively. Of the five fungi the dominant ones were Aspergillum, Penicillium, Mucor and Rhizopu. The average percentage were 42.0%, 36.0%, 4.4% and 4.2% respectively. Conclusion The outdoor air of Hefei has been polluted by airborne microbes.

结果 合肥城区空气细菌总数均值为5.04×10^4cfu/立方公尺，真菌总数均值为3.75×10^3cfu/立方公尺，合计为5.41×10^4 cfu/立方公尺，其中真菌占6.92%；对不同采样点的空气细菌和真菌进行了初步鉴定，优势细菌属为微球菌属、芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属和葡萄球菌属，分别占总细菌的37.3%，21.0%，10.3%，9.5%；真菌共检出5属，其中优势菌属为曲霉属、青霉属、毛霉属、根霉属，分别占总真菌的42.0%，36.0 %，4.4%，4.2%。

In this research, swainsonine contents of three Oxytropis species were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The population genetic diversity was also studied and the swainsonine related molecular markers were screened by ISSR. In vitro fungi cultures from the individual plant of O. glabra were performed and microbiological morphology of the colony and the conidiophore were investigated. The 5.8S rDNA/ITS sequences of fungi amplified from total DNA in both plants and fungal endophytes were studied. These sequences were analysed and compared, and they were also compared to the 5.8S rDNA/ITS sequence of fungal enduphyte Embellisia sp. L12 from the O.lambertii, O.sericea and A.mollisimus distributed in USA.

本研究采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定了三种棘豆植物的苦马豆素含量；通过ISSR分子标记技术对三种棘豆种群遗传多样性及其苦马豆素相关标记进行了研究；将小花棘豆植物单株进行体外真菌培养，研究了菌落和分生孢子的微生物形态学特性，从植物总DNA和相同植株培养的真菌总DNA扩增真菌的5.8SrDNA/ITS区，进行了DNA序列分析与排序；联系单株小花棘豆的苦马豆素含量测定和内生真菌ITS序列分析结果，与从美国分布的二种棘豆(O.lambertii、O.sericea)和一种黄芪(A.mollisimus)中分离的内生真菌埃里砖格孢属Embellisia sp.L12株得到的结果进行了比较。

Collect surface samples from building materials to assess fungal and bacterial growth potentials, and air samples to determine concentrations of both viable and nonviable fungi, and viable bacteria.

采集建筑材料表面样品对真菌和细菌生长可能性进行评估，采集空气样品来确定可生存真菌和细菌以及不可生存真菌的浓度。

However, the area is less studied than other areas of endophyteresearch world wide. Therefore, a series of experiments were carried out in laboratory,glasshouse and field to compare the responses of endophyte infected plants andendophyte free plants of perennial ryegrass varieties to 10 fungal pathogensisolated from turf type ryegrass in Lanzhou. The pathogens used in the experimentswere Alternaria alternata、Bipolaris sorokiniana、Fusarium avenaceum、Curvularialunata、Ascochyta leptospora、Fusarium acuminatum、Fusarium chlamydosporum、Fusarium oxysporum、Fusarium solani and Gliocladium roseum. In addition, someprotective enzymes activity and alkaloids contents of E+ and E- plants were measuredand LpsA gene of the common strain - Lp19 and mutant strain -AR1 of Neotyphodiumlolii were sequenced to identify their ...

本研究在初步明确兰州市坪用黑麦草内生真菌及其病原真菌多样性的基础上，在实验室、温室和田间开展了系列研究，比较了带内生真菌和不带内生真菌的黑麦草在离体和整株条件下对细交链孢、离蠕孢、燕麦镰孢、新月弯孢、小孢壳二孢、锐顶镰孢、厚垣镰孢、尖镰孢、腐皮镰孢和粉红粘帚霉等10种病原真菌的抗病性，测定了E+和E-植株数种保护酶活性及其生物碱含量的变化。

The study reveals that Shanxi Province is rich in entomogenous fungi diversity. About 72 species of 17 genera of fungi are believed exist in the province. Among the fungi collection, 63 species are collected from four national nature reserves in the province, 12 from six major forest areas and another 22 species from the area around Taiyuan. This respectively represents 64.9%, 12.4% and 22.7% of the species collection.

结果表明，山西省虫生真菌资源十分丰富， 10年共采集分离到虫生真菌17属72种，在山西省的四大国家级自然保护区、六大林区及太原等县市分别分离到虫生真菌63种、12种和22种，分别占分离到的山西省虫生真菌的64.9%、12.4%和22.7%。

The aims of the Cascade Mycological Society are: study fungi; educate members and the public about fungi identification and ecology; promote conservation of fungi; promote health and safety in the gathering and consumption of edible fungi; have fun!

这是客斯客特真菌学会的网站。该学会的目的是：真菌研究；教育其成员和公众对真菌的鉴别及其生态学；促进真菌的保护；提高可食性真菌的采集和消费的安全性；娱乐！

A relationship between the frequency of occurrence and diversity of AM fungi and the elevation of the sampling sites for Swietenia macrophylla was observed. The elevation significantly affected the frequency of occurrence and diversity of Gigaspora and Scutellospora, but showed no significant influence to Glomus and Acaulospora.

通过对不同海拔高度Swietenia macrophylla根际AM真菌分布的分析表明，海拔高度显著影响着AM真菌的分布，Gigaspora属的真菌随海拔高度的增加显著升高，Scutellospora属的真菌则显著降低。

objective in order to investigate the variety of the airborne fungi in jingzhou area and study the relationships between airborne fungi and allergic diseases.methods we surveyed the fungi sensitizing of air in jingzhou city from feb.1th,2007 to jau.31th,2008 to quantitatively observe the daily airborne fungi and count under microscope through one year.results the fungi spores were present through all year.more than 20 taxa of airborne fungi have been collected,among which the most common fungi were uredinales,ustilaginales,alternaria,etc.fungi spores were ralated with the season and weather,the most aboudant period in sring and summer.conclusion the airborne fungi were seen one year and were mostly allergenic.many of then had seasonal distribution.

目的：调查荆州市气传真菌的种类、数量变化及飘散规律，了解优势菌群与过敏性疾病的关系，为荆州市空气真菌过敏症的防治提供参考。方法：2007年2月1日至2008年1月31日，在荆州市设曝片点，每日换片，收集全年气传真菌样品，在显微镜下统计，定量获得每天及全年的真菌数量。结果：全年均可见真菌孢子，共收集真菌种类20多种，其中最常见的有链格孢、锈菌、黑粉菌等，其数量和季节、气候有关，以春季、夏季最多，秋季和冬季依次降低。结论：气传真菌全年均有分布并具有较强的致敏性，部分真菌具有明显的季节性变化。

The universal primers of ITS1 and ITS4 for fungi were used in amplification of genomic rDNA sequences. A target fragment was obtained by ITS-PCR. Then, the fragment is cloned into the vector of pMD18-T before sequencing. The result of sequencing showed that the fragment is 692 bp in length. The results of Blast in Genbank and the analysis of fungal rDNA systemic development show that the relation between this fragment to the fungi of Sporisorium is closest, while the relation between it to the fungi of Ustilago is much far. It suggests that the name of Ustilago scitaminea for sugarcane smut isn't consistent to the result of rDNA systemic development analysis. It still needs more experiments to support this hypothesis.

用真菌rDNA序列分析的通用引物ITS1和ITS4，通过ITS-PCR得到目的片段，克隆在pMD18-T载体上后进行测序，结果显示该片段的长度为692 bp，与Genebank中已报道的真菌序列进行Blast和系统发育树分析，表明所获得的序列与Sporisorium属真菌具有更高的亲缘关系，而与Ustilago属真菌的亲缘关系较远，这与一直沿用的甘蔗黑穗病菌的命名似乎并不吻合，有待进行更多的研究以证实。

Ninety seven spores or sporocarps of VAMF were wet sieved from the rhizosphere soil of mycorrhized pteridophytes, from which 25 VAMF species which belonged to the genera of Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora respectively were identified, and the taxonomic characters of the 25 species were described. The Glomus fungi were the dominant VAMF in the rhizosphere soil of pteridophytes, they took up 44% in the identified 25 VAMF (11 species belong to Glomus); the fungi in Acaulospora and Sclerocystis in the next place, they took up 24% and 16% respectively in the identified VAMF; the fungi in the other genera took up 16%. In terms of the relationships of pteridophytes and the VAMF isolated from their rhizosphere soil, there was no specifity between the VAMF and their host.

从具有VA菌根的蕨类植物对应的根际土壤中用湿筛法筛取了97份VA菌根真菌的孢子或孢子果，从中鉴定出了分属于无醒囊霉属、巨孢囊霉属、球囊霉属、硬囊霉属和盾孢囊霉属的VA菌根真菌25种，并对这25种真菌的分类学特征进行了描述；球囊霉属真菌是蕨类植物根际土壤中的优势类群，已鉴定的25种真菌中，有11种属球囊霉属真菌，占44%，其次是无梗囊霉属和硬囊霉属真菌，分别占24%和16%，其他属的VA菌根真菌占16%，从分离鉴定的蕨类植物根际土壤中的VA菌根真菌与蕨类植物的关系看，VA菌根真菌与蕨类植物之间无明显的专一性。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！