真菌状的

Isabellina producing γ-linolenic acid, the number of the chromosomes and the size of genome of M.

深黄被孢霉是毛霉目中具有重要经济价值的丝状真菌，因其产生γ—亚麻酸(γ—Linolenic acid，GLA)，而γ—亚麻酸作为人体必需的不饱和脂肪酸，对人体的激素调节及脂肪酸代谢发挥着重要的生理作用，尤其它在心血管疾病、糖尿病以及癌症等方面的医疗价值而成为学术界研究的热点。

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

ABSTRACT: Random amplified polymorphic DNA was used in analysing the relationship among twenty-six speices of Amanita from Mangshan, Hunan. Of 40 primers, 6 ones generated reproducible RAPD profiles, and each one produced 1-10 bands. Two primers (OPG15 and OPH04) could differentiate 26 species of Amanita by its RAPD profiles. The similarity coefficients obtained from profiles generated by six primers among Amanita were about 20-60%. A dendrogram was constructed using average linkage clustering for clustering analysis. It indicated that there were two groups in 26 species and some species with ring and membranous volva clustered a group which coincided with morphological classification.

本文对采自湖南莽山的26种鹅膏菌属真菌进行了随机扩增多态性DNA分析，40个随机引物中筛选出扩增效果较好的6个引物，每个引物能产生1～10条DNA条带，获得的RAPD谱带清晰并呈现多态性OPG15、OPH04两个引物扩增的RAPD谱带能将26种鹅膏菌完全区分开来，通过6个引物的RAPD分析获得的平均相似性系数表明种与种之间的相关系数在20―60%之间，平均链锁聚类分析可将26种鹅膏菌分为二大类，且一些具菌环和苞状菌托的种类聚在一起，与形态分类基本相吻合。

The ecological functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural and agroecosystem was greatly concerned in recent decades.

泡囊丛枝状菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi，AMF)对植物营养吸收和对重金属污染的土壤的生态恢复功能是近年来人们关注的热点问题，有关AMF对植物多样性的影响及对被Pb污染土壤的修复的研究已有了较多的报道。

DNA insertional mutagenesis is one of the most effective ways to identify pathogenicity genes of phytopathogenic fungi.

DNA插入突变是标记、分离功能基因的有效途径之一，ATMT是丝状真菌遗传转化的一个的新的技术，具有转化效率高、成本低，操作方便和重复性好多重优点。

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is a new technique for insertional mutagenesis of filamentous fungi, and it has many advantages such as high efficiency、 low cost、 easy operation and good repetition.

DNA插入突变是标记、分离功能基因的有效途径之一，ATMT是丝状真菌遗传转化的一个的新的技术，具有转化效率高、成本低，操作方便和重复性好多重优点。

Phytase mainly comes from plant and organism, phytase of plant belongs to 6-phytase and it s optimum pH ranges from 5.0 to 7. 5. Plant phytase can not function effectively in monogastric animals and it is not rich in plant. So research direction about phytase is turned to Aspergillus niger which is rich in acid phytase.

植酸酶主要来自于植物和微生物，来源于植物的植酸酶均属于6—植酸酶，最适pH范围在5.0—7.5，不适合在单胃动物中起作用的，而且在植物中含量极低，因此植酸酶的研究方向转向最适pH值为酸性、酶含量较高的丝状真菌。

The gene for pyruvate kinase,which is involved in glycolysis and catalyze the biochemical reaction from phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate,was screened,cloned and sequenced from non photosynthetic Oomycetes,Achlya bisexualis cDNA library.

从真菌藻状菌纲Achlyabisexualis的cDNA文库中克隆了糖酵解途径的最后一种酶—丙酮酸激酶的基因，获得这个基因的完整阅读框架，并且对这个基因的全序列进行了测定。

Abstract］ Objective: To verify if a DNA fragment we obtained from Pythium guiyangense Su before is the ORF of a subtilisin-like protease (Pr1) of P. guiyangense, a fungal pathogen of mosquitoes.

贵阳腐霉是由贵阳医学院苏晓庆教授分离得到的一株具有自主知识产权的可以高效地、特异地杀灭蚊幼虫的水生丝状真菌，可以有效切断经蚊虫传播疾病的途径［1］。

It is difficult to select the lactic acid high-producing strain by observing the color change zone because of spreading grow along the solid medium of Rhizopus oryzae. A serious of methods for selection and breeding of L-lactic acid high-producing mutant were developed.

米根霉在固体平板上生成的乳酸会使培养基中加入的pH指示剂变色，在菌落周围呈现出变色圈，但由于丝状真菌米根霉在固体培养基表面蔓延生长的特性，使得无法得到单菌落，进而无法通过观察变色圈与菌落直径之比来比较出各菌株产酸能力的高低。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！