真菌共生

The book covers the latest advances of the fields of perception, transduction and responses to most biotic and abiotic signals met in a plant life, including light perception and transduction, wound- and mechanical signalling, the role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction, heat stress signalling, cold acclimatation, dehydration, salt stress, recognition and signalling in interactions between plant and bacteria, fungi, viruses, as well as Rhizobia-legumes interactions, rhizospheric signals, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and plant-insect interactions.

该书内容覆盖了植物生命对大部分生物与非生物信号感知，传导和反应，包括光感知和传导，损伤和机械信号传导，活性氧在植物信号传导中的作用，热胁迫信号传导，冷适应，脱水，盐胁迫，植物与细菌，真菌，病毒相互作用中的识别和信号传导，以及根瘤菌与豆类的相互作用，球形根瘤菌的信号，外生菌根共生现象，和植物与昆虫之间的相互作用。

Symbiosis can be formed between AM fungi and host plant above 90 percent, and exists in all kinds of lands.

AM真菌是广泛分布于土壤生态系统中的一类有益微生物，能与90％以上的植物形成共生体，并且存在于各种陆地环境中。

The result indicates that the good symbiosis between AM fungi and raspberry was formed.

结果表明，树莓能与AM真菌形成良好的共生关系。

Trees have made an alliance with another amazing microscopic symbiont, mycorrhizal fungi.

树木还有另外一种令人惊异的共生微生物——菌根真菌。

Arbuscular mycorrhiza was the widespread reciprocal benefit symbiont in the natural ecosystem, this study aimed to introduce the AM fungus and the host plant as well as the effect of environmental condition on the formation mechanism, and propose several questions which need to be paid attention to both in current domestic and foreign research.

丛枝菌根是自然生态系统中广泛分布的互惠共生体。主要介绍了AM真菌和宿主植物以及环境条件对其形成机制的影响，并提出了当前国内外在丛枝菌根生理生态学等方面研究需要注意的几点问题。

Dipterocarpaceae seedlings have the ability to establish the fungal symbiont, which helps them to absorb nutrients and water from mature plants and benefits to their growth, especially in the extreme deficiency of resources.

龙脑香科植物幼苗能通过与真菌形成共生体从成年植株获得营养和水分供应而生长，尤其在资源亏缺的条件下更为明显。

Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a product of the adaptive coevolution with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the long-term life process, and is a kind of beneficial symbiont of plants. It can promote the resistance ability of plants to poor surroundings, and accelerate plant growth. The seedlings of wild jujube were used as materials in this research.

丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza，AM)是植物在长期的生存过程中，与丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi，AMF)一起共同进化的结果，是一种有益共生体，它的存在有利于提高植物抵御不良环境的能力，促进植物生长。

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the signaling pathway and action mechanism in the symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi and plant roots and consequentially great progresses have been made.

近年来丛枝菌根真菌与植物根系建立共生关系的信号传导途径和作用机制备受关注，也取得了突破性的进展。

Many factor, such as water content、pH、fertility、light and temperature, can obviously influence the symbiosis of plant and Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi.

土壤的水分、pH、肥力，环境的光照条件、温度等因素都会影响AM真菌与植物共生效应。

Dipterocarpaceae seedlings have the ability to establish the fungal symbiont, which helps them to absorb nutrients and water from mature plants and benefits to their growth, especially in the extreme deficiency of resources.

龙脑香科植物幼苗能通过与真菌形成共生体从成年植株获得营养和水分供应而促进幼苗生长，尤其在资源亏缺的条件下更为明显。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。