真菌

This paper reviewed the research advances in the resistance to in-suck fungicide, including the biological characteristics of resistant and sensitive phytopathogenic fungi, the mechanism of in-suck fungicide to phytopathogenic fungi, the resistant mechanism of phytopathogenic fungi to in-suck fungi, molecular detection techniques of fungicide resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and the application of the resistance-fungicide of phytopathogenic fungi.

本文综述了近年来国内外植物病原真菌对内吸性杀菌剂抗药性研究在抗性菌和敏感菌的生物学特征、内吸性杀菌剂对植物病原真菌的作用机制、植物病原真菌对内吸性杀菌剂的抗药机制、抗性菌株的分子检测技术以及抗药性利用等方面的成果。

The purpose of this study is to screen microorganisms with growth inhibition against plant fungal pathogens. The plate-dilution method was used to isolate the bacteria from salt marshes at Dafeng, Jiangsu. The antifungal activity of the bacterial broth filtrates against 5 phytopathogens was determined using mycelial disk method. The antifungal compositions of four active bacteria were analyzed primarily with chromatography techniques. Two hundred and thirty-five aerobic (92) and anaerobic (143) bacterial strains have been isolated from the coast salt marsh and sixty-five strains, of which 39 are aerobic and 26 are anaerobic showed greater than 30% of inhibition rate against the growth of at least one of the phytopathogenic fungi on petri dish.

为了开发对植物病原真菌生长有抑制作用的药源微生物，本实验采用平板稀释法从江苏大丰盐沼湿地土壤中分离微生物，并通过菌丝块法检测这些微生物代谢产物对5种植物病原真菌生长的抑制活性，进而利用柱层析分析其活性成分；结果共分离得到235株细菌，其中好氧细菌92株，厌氧细菌143株；体外活性测试结果显示有65株至少对1种测试植物病原真菌的抑制率在30%以上，其中好氧菌39株，厌氧菌26株。

The current antifungal agents used in clinics usually have severe side-effects, it is necessary to seek for new antifungal agents with known or new mechanisms. China has abundant resources in traditional Chinese medicine, therefore exploition of new antifungal agents therefrom is a feasible way.We have screened antifungal activities of 14 ethanolic extracts from traditional Chinese medicines and 21 natural products by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae GL7 and Prototheca wickerhamii as the model microoranganisms. Among the TCMs tested, Cortex Phellodendri, Flos Caryophylli, Fructus Mume, Rhizoma Coptidis and Radix Sophorae tonkinensis showed high antifungal activity. This study layed certain foundation for the development of new antifungal agents.

为了开发中药资源，从传统中药中寻找有抗真菌活性的天然药物并阐明其作用机理以利于临床应用，论文对14种生药乙醇提取物及21种生药化学成分利用啤酒酵母突变型GL7（Saccharomyces cerevisiae GL7）和威克海姆原藻作为模式菌种进行了抗真菌活性筛选，其中黄柏、丁香、乌梅、黄连和山豆根等有很好的抑菌活性，为进一步研究开发成新的抗真菌药奠定了基础。

For the first time a safety and nontoxic solvent were used to gain the crystal of teasaponins,avoiding environmental contaminated of toxical impregnate and receiving the high purity teasaponin products.

茶皂素粗提物对食品腐败细菌、真菌以及植物病原真菌的抗菌实验结果表明，茶皂素对各种细菌和真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用，且抑菌效果与茶皂素浓度呈正相关。

The present study focuses on the investigation of quantitative variation of air-borne fungi in Guangzhou and the relation with allergic disease and climate.

空气真菌的数量变化及其致敏性与气候的关系，建立气传致敏真菌日历，为广州市空气真菌过敏症的防治提供新的基础数据。

The fungal DNA was extracted from three natural soils with greater differences in physical anti chemical properties in North China by using the second method, and the 28S rDNA-PCR-DGGE profiles showed that the fungal DNA banes were comparatively rich, suggesting that this method could be used in fungal diversity research of North China soils.

利用后一种方法分别对3种理化性质差异较大的中国北方自然土壤样品真菌DNA进行提取并分析，表明所提取土壤基因组DNA真菌特异性PCR-DGGE图谱条带丰富，该方法可用于多种北方土壤真菌多样性研究。

The candida albicans and candidas tropicalis was more common in clinical samples, and the positive rate of drug resistant strain against fungus increased gradually. So it is important to culture, isolate and identify the fungus from clinical samples, and do the antifungal sensitivity at the same time.

临床上酵母样真菌感染以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较常见；真菌耐药菌株的检出率呈上升趋势，临床上必须重视真菌的检出和药敏试验。

The results showed that endophytes varied in quantity,population distribution,and dominance in different tissues,regular changes showed in species...

结果表明：杨树不同部位内生真菌在数量、种群分布和优势种群方面都存在着一定的差异；不同年龄段杨树内生真菌的种类和数量发生规律性变化；不同地理分布区杨树内生真菌的数量和种群组成存在差异，但又呈现一定的规律性。

Termitomyces albuminosus is a symbiotic fungus found in tropical africa and asia. termite cultivate this fungus in their nest as food. this rare mushroom is extremely tasty and its fruit bodies can not culture successfully.

鸡肉丝菇是一种在亚洲及非洲的热带地区所被发现的共生真菌，白蚁会在它的蚁巢内培养此种真菌当作它幼蚁的食物，这种真菌相当的美味，但是目前尚未能被栽培成功。

The content of air-borne microbes above Xining , Qianghai Lake, and Geermu has been determined by using the method of gravity plate, obtaining air-borne bacteria, funguses, total content of bacteria, detection rate of air-borne funguses, and the rate of funguses and total amount of microbes in those three spots.

用平皿沉降法对西宁、青海湖和格尔木的空气微生物含量作测定，分别检测出三地各自平均的空气细菌、真菌、总菌含量、真菌检出率、真菌与总菌量的比率。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！