真菌

In addition, AM fungi from a wide range of environmental conditions (originally isolated from north, central and south China) were used to study the ecological adaptability of AM fungi and the influence of edaphic conditions on AM fungal growth and metabolic activity.

丛枝菌根共生体由宿主植物和真菌共同组成，菌根真菌的生长、代谢活性、菌丝分布以及生态适应性等特征不但与菌根效应、菌根真菌的生态功能密切相关，而且受到宿主植物和土壤条件的影响。

In vitro inoculation technology of Rhododendron fortunei L . with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and its inoculation effect;2. Observation on Microstructure of Mycorrhizal Root of Rhododendron fortunei L .;3. In this experiment, Rhododendron fortunei L .

本文研究以云锦杜鹃幼苗以及自野生云锦杜鹃根系分离出的菌根真菌为材料，探索云锦杜鹃和菌根真菌形成菌株共生体的最佳接种体系及其菌根真菌和云锦杜鹃的组合效应研究，并根据效应筛选出优良的菌株，为菌根化苗促进生产提供技术基础。

The results showed that at the beginning stage of being attacked by Chinesis white pine beetle and their symbiotic blue-stain fungus, PAL, PPO, SOD activities and MDA content significantly increased in the phloem of P. armandi, and decreased with the increase of the number of D. armandi and the attacking on the xylem and phloem of P. armandi from blue-stain fungus, then reached the minimum level in withering stage of P. armandi. But the contents of nutrition materials in the phloem, such as water, protein, glucide, fat, amylum and so on, declined with the infestation of D. armandi and symbiotic fungus. In summary, the resistance of physiology and biochemistry in the phloem of P.

结果表明，在华山松大小蠹和共生蓝变真菌危害初期，华山松韧皮部内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著提高，丙二醛含量明显增加；但随着华山松大小蠹种群数量的增加和蓝变真菌对华山松韧皮部和木质部组织危害的加剧，韧皮部组织内的PAL、PPO和SOD活性逐渐降低，在枯立木阶段降至最低；与此同时，华山松韧皮部内的水分及蛋白质、糖类、粗脂肪、淀粉等营养物质含量，则随华山松大小蠹和共生蓝变真菌危害的加剧而不断减少。

We choose 20 cases of fungal rhinosinusitis who were treated in our department between the year 2007.4 and 2008.4 as our study group and 5 cases of purely nasal septum deviation as control group. The 20 cases contain 19 cases of fungus ball and 1 case of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Their age fluctuate from 19 to 80, and the average age is 51 . All of the 25 cases blood samples were taken to detect the 1-3-β-D glucosan with the kit produced by Beijing jinshanchuan technology company and under the MB—80 quickly microorganismal detection system.

采用北京金山川科技公司生产的试剂盒及MB—80微生物快速检测系统分别检测中国医科大学附属盛京医院耳鼻喉科于2007年4月至2008年2月经鼻窦内窥镜手术治疗，并经术后病理证实为真菌性鼻窦炎患者(19例为真菌球型，1例为慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎)的血液样品20例，患者年龄19岁—80岁，平均年龄51岁，采取中国医科大学附属盛京医院耳鼻喉科于2008年1月住院单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者的血液样品5例作为对照组，患者年龄16—56岁，平均年龄32岁(以上血样标本的采集患者均已签署知情同意书)。

Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis between plants and fungi, and ectomycorrhiza is an important type of mycorrhiza.

菌根是一种植物营养根与土壤真菌形成的共生体，在自然界中分布广泛。外生菌根真菌是菌根真菌的重要类群，其宿主植物约占陆地植物总数的3%左右。

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is the mutualistic association between AM fungi and most terrestrial plants: the plant roots offer carbohydrates to the fungi; in return, the fungi assist the plants with uptake of mineral nutrients, particularly phosphate, from soil, and their subsequent transfer to the root cortical cells.

南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京 210095摘要丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal， AM)共生是丛枝菌根真菌与大多数陆地植物的根系之间形成的一种互利共生关系。植物给菌根真菌提供碳水化合物；作为回报，菌根真菌能够增强植物对矿质营养元素的吸收。

Three strains of mycetes were detected in the experimental group, and one strain in children with asthma treated with ICS for 6 months group.

在支气管哮喘患儿急性发作期检出真菌3株，应用布地奈德治疗后6月组检出真菌1株，均未发现真菌感染的临床症状。

RESULTS Sixty fungal strains were isolated from blood.Candida was the predominant pathogenic organism(86.7%),6 cases had mixed infection causing by two fungal species(11.1%).Twenty two cases had concomitant bacteremia(40.7%).Overall mortality rate was 68.5%,directly related mortality rate in treatment group was significantly lower than that in nontreatment one(28.9%vs.88.9%,χ2=11.268,P＜0.01).Effective rate of amphotericin B was 68.8%,fluconazole 70.8%,combined treatment 80.0%.

结果 54例患者血微生物培养共获得真菌菌株60株，念珠菌是主要病原体，占86.7%；6例(11.1%)为两种真菌混合感染；22例(40.7%)伴随细菌血症；总病死率68.5%，真菌血症相关病死率治疗组28.9%，未治疗组88.9%，两组比较χ2=11.268，P＜0.01；两性霉素B及氟康唑治疗有效率分别为68.8%和70.8%，两者联合治疗有效率为80.0%。

The results showed that 9 strains presented cytotoxic activities to at least one of the tested tumor cells, five strains exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, one strain had inhibitory effect on Phytophthora parasitica.

结果显示，有9株内生真菌至少对一种指示瘤株具有细胞毒活性， 5株内生真菌对金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑菌活性， 1株内生真菌对辣椒疫霉有抑制作用。

On PDA plate, colonies grow rapidly to 12.5~37.2 mm/21d, phialide discrete, arising solitary from the aerial mycelium, septated at the base or middle, hyaline, smooth, 14.9~23.2μm long, 1.9~3.1μm at base, tapering to less than 1.0 μm at tip; conidia hyaline, reniform to elliptical, bulk is (4.6~5.9)μm×(2.1~3.4)/lm. These morphological characteristics are significantly different from the well-described Neotyphodiurn species. Their phylogenetic relationship remains further researches.

ciliaris12株Neotyphodium属真菌为材料，详细研究了我国干旱地区Neotyphodium属真菌的形态学特征：在PDA平板上生长很快，21 d生长12.5~37.2 mm；分生孢子梗长14.9~23.2μm，基部宽1.9~3.1μm，顶端小于1μm，通常基部或近基部有隔膜；分生孢子无色透明，卵圆形或肾形，单个顶生，(4.6~5.9)μm×(2.1~3.4)μm，与其它已知Neotyphodium属真菌形态差异显著，需要进行更深入的研究。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！