真菌

The collected fungus can be used as specimen after being sorted out, and a comprehensive analysis should be given to the identification and classification according to such shape features as sporocarp, and spore.

本文介绍了大型真菌标本的采集方法，采集的真菌经整理分类后可作为标本，真菌标本的鉴别分类应根据子实体、孢子印、孢子等形态特征及习性进行综合分析。

In this dissertation, four aspects of ECM fungi were studied in a subtropical forest, a ECM fungi identification and biodiversity estimation, using morphological and molecular ways; b genetic structure of ECM fungi population, taking two case studies; c structure of ECM fungal community, based on sporocarp and plant investigation over-ground; and d growth response of host and non-host plant to ECM fungi inoculation.

由于外生菌根真菌的宿主植物常常是一些生态系统的优势种和建群种，并且这些真菌还参与了许多森林生态系统的有机和无机元素循环、物种的竞争和共存、生物多样性的维持、生态系统的演替等过程，因而对外生菌根真菌的研究有助于对这些生态系统维持和演替机制的深入理解。

So far as we know, the ants which rely on fungi as a dominant food source belong to Attini and Solenopsidini, while most attine cultivar fungi are members of genus Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus (Basisiomycotina: Agaricales: Lepiotaceae), with a minority belonging to members of Ascomycotina and Deuteromycotina.

蚂蚁与真菌间的共生关系已具有长达5000多万年的协同进化历史，迄今已知的与真菌共生的蚂蚁主要为爱特蚁族和火蚁族的种类，而蚂蚁培养的真菌主要属于担子菌亚门伞菌目环柄菇科白环蘑属和白鬼伞属，少数种类属于子囊菌亚门和半知菌亚门。

Results Compound albicanyl caffeate displayed strong antifungal property with MIC 4 μg/ml, while moderate antifungal effects (MIC16 μg/ml)were observed with compounds emodin, resveratrol, 3,4'-difluorostilbene, 2,2'-difluorostilbene and 2,3',5'-trifluorostilbene. Pakyonol, catechin, ampelopsin A, 3,4,4'-trihydroxyl- bibenzyl, 2,4'-difluorostilbene, 4-fluorostilbene,2-methyloxy-4'-fluorostilbene showed lower activity with MIC 32 μ g/ml.

结果化合物albicanyl caffeate对白色念珠菌表现出强的抗真菌活性，MIC为4μg/ml；而化合物大黄素、白藜芦醇、3，4'-二氟二苯乙烯、2，2'-二氟二苯乙烯及2，3'，5'-三氟二苯乙烯显示出中等程度的抗真菌活性，MIC为16μg/ml；双联苄pakyonol、多酚类儿茶素、白藜芦醇二聚体野葡萄素A、3，4，4'-三羟基联苄、2，4'-二氟二苯乙烯、4-氟二苯乙烯及2-甲氧基-4'-氟二苯乙烯显示出较弱的抗真菌活性，MIC为32 μg/ml。

The result indicated that good symbiosis was formed between AM fungi and Avena sativa, and different sample sites significantly affected the colonization of different structure and spore density of AM fungi.

对青海省民和、大通、湟中、海北4样地燕麦根际AM真菌空间分布和土壤成分测定分析表明，燕麦可与AM真菌形成共生关系，AM真菌不同指标和孢子密度与样地生态条件密切相关。

Methods The antibacterial and antifungal activities test of fungal endophytes from mangrove plants were used by paper disc method. Results Sixty strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia mariana, Heritiera littoralis.

从红树林植物桐花树、海漆、秋茄、木榄、白骨壤、银叶树中分离到60株内生真菌，对其代谢产物进行抗菌检测，通过滤纸片法来检测内生真菌代谢产物抗细菌和抗真菌活性。

Results There bacterial infection were observed in 91 cases with dermal ulcer, accounted for 72.2% and fungal infection was observed in 40 cases ,accounted 31.7%. Double infections with bacteria and fungus were observed in 11 cases, accounted for 8.7%. Staphylococcus aureus and Blastomyces albicans were the main pathogens.

结果 在126例皮肤溃疡患者中，有91例存在细菌感染，占72.2%；有40例存在真菌感染，占31.7%，同时有细菌和真菌感染的11例，占8.7%；细菌感染以金黄色葡萄球菌最多，占37.3%，真菌感染以白色念珠菌为常见。

The primary studies on insecticidical and fungicidical components of endophytic fungus in Celastrus angulatus have been carried out from September, 2000 to June, 2002.The results are as follows: Taking PDA and Czapek as separating culture medium, 39 strains of endophytic fungus were separated from the bark, phloem and xylem of the root and twig of Celastrus angulatus.

作者于2000年9月至2002年6月对杀虫植物苦皮藤中内生真菌的杀虫杀菌活性物质进行了初步的研究，取得了以下结果：采用常规的内生真菌分离方法，以马铃薯葡萄糖培养基、Czapek培养基为分离用培养基，从苦皮藤根和侧枝的表皮、韧皮部和木质部中分离得到39株内生真菌。

The AMF spore average density was 24.88 per 20 g soil , the species richness was 1.94 per soil sample, the species diversity index was 2.56, and the species evenness was 0.65. Glomus, but they all were of prominent genus in the investigation area and Acaulospora, Scutellospora were of common genus while Entrophospora was rarely found. In the 13 species AM fungi, G.mosseae was of prominent species, and G.geosporum, G.intraradices, G.etunicatum were of common speices, while the others were of rarely species. There were 87.5% sand fixation plant were infected with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the highest spore density, the strongest infection strength of the whole roots and the best species richness belonged to Chenopodiaceae while Polygonacea was the lowest.

四属AM真菌中，Glomus为优势属， Scutellospora 、Acaulospora为常见属，Entrophospora则为稀有属；十三种AM真菌中，G.mosseae、G.geosporum分别为优势种、最常见种，G.intraradices，G.etunicatum为常见种，其余均为稀有种；五科固沙植物中，87.5%的植物能被菌根侵染，其中藜科植物孢子密度最高，整个根系侵染强度最强，种的丰度最高，蓼科植物孢子密度、整个根系侵染强度、种的丰度则最低；禾本科植物不仅具有最好的丛枝结构，且具有相对高的亲和性，能与12种AM真菌共生。

Combining clinical 1302 cases were dignosised, Fungus allergic rhinitis——458 cases. Fungus asthma ——348 cases. Fungus cutitis ——496 case.

结合临床诊断患者1302例，其中真菌性变应性鼻炎458例，真菌性支气管哮喘348例，真菌性皮炎496例。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！