真值

Through a discussion on the suffix features of miniterm and maxiterm ,this paper offers a suffix calculating approach to miniterm and maxiterm in principal disjunctive normal form,principal conjunctive normal form determined by disjunctive normal form,and conjunctive normal form of propositional formula.

通过极小项和极大项的下标特征的讨论，给出了由命题公式的析取范式、合取范式而确定的主析取范式、主合取范式中的极小项、极大项的下标计算方法，从而简化了由繁杂的命题公式推演或真值计算求主范式的计算过程。

In the first charpter,response variable is generalized to q dimensions, we propose the concept of QMLE and quasi function in nonlinear models, then under mild conditions, we prove that there exists the solution_n with probability 1 for sufficiently large n, and obtain the strong consistency, some results of asymptotic normality, meanwhile consistent estimator of σ~2 for QMLE for heterosedastic nonlinear models is presented.

在第一章中，我们首先将响应变量由一维推广到了多维，得出了非线性模型的极大拟似然估计的定义和拟似然方程，然后在一定的条件下，证明了当样本量n充分大时，拟似然方程以概率1有解？？_n且收敛于参数的真值(即定理1.2)，并且给出了极大拟似然估计的渐近正态性(即定理1.3，1.4)，最后考虑了异方差非线性模型的离差参数σ~2的相合估计(即定理1.5)。

To see this note that the contrapositive is false only when is false and is true.that is only when p is true and q is false.we now show that neither the converse ,,nor the inverse ,has the same truth value as for all possible truth values of p and q.

当两个复合命题含有相同的真值的时候，我们称之为等价命题，（为什么是复合命题因为如果不是符合命题的话那么就是同一个命题了。

The inputs and corresponding outputs give an excellent correlation with the truth table for a digital AND logic gate at molecular level.

输入信号及其相应的输出结果在分子水平上符合数字逻辑与门的真值表。

Based on the two normal forms, the decidability theorem in L is then proved and a deduction-based decision algorithm P is designed. The time complexity O(n3) of P is much less than the complexity O(2n) of the true value table method and the complexity O(n5) of HAL based on the tactic scheme.

首先定义了消解复杂性的两种范式：最简范式和文字范式，在此基础上采用演绎方法证明了L中的可判定性定理，并设计了命题公式的演绎判定算法P。P的时间复杂度为O(n^3)，远远小于基于真值表法的O(2^n)和基于策略方案HAL的O(n^5)。

Compound proposition ; disjunctive proposition ; truth function ; proposition connectives

复合命题；选言命题；真值函项；命题联结词

There is an empiricist tradition which denies truth values to counterfactuals and says that they express policies or attitudes.

有一种经验主义的传统，它怀疑反事实的真值，并且说他们表明了一种方针或者态度。

In experiment science, the description of introduction of error estimation is as fellow

由于误差的客观存在，真值一般是无法测得的。

The evaluation methods for digital filter ing effects used in Gamma ray logging are discussed.

探讨了γ射线测井信号数字滤波效果的评价方法，指出评价数字滤波效果的判别准则，应包括恢复地层真值的效果评价和跟踪地层突变能力的评价两个方面。

Testing results are obtained by halving interval sequential method. Various problems encountered are studied and the testing programs are reliable and efficient.

本文采用二分区间逐次试验法逼近被测量真值，研究了测试中遇到的各种问题，编排了可靠高效的测试流程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。