眉弓

Methods 21 cases of craniopharyngoima in suprasellar region were resected by trans-supraorbital approach, the diameter of tumors varied from 3.0 to 6.5cm; partial cystic tumor in 13 and solid tumor in 8. Skin incision was made in eyebrow, the hemicycle bone flap was approximately 2.5cm×3.0cm, tumor was dissected in I,II,III spaces and trans-endplate.

对21例位于鞍上，肿瘤上下径为3.0～6.5cm的颅咽管瘤患者(部分囊性变者13例，完全实性者8例)，作眉弓内弧形小切口，在眶上铣开一为2.5cm×3cm的半圆形小骨瓣，术中根据肿瘤位置，从I、II、III间隙和终板入路切除肿瘤。

Treatment of 6 cases of traumatic cerebrospinal rhinorrhea in frontal sinus by intranasal endoscopic surgery was reported. We adopt a procedure to open and enlarge the nasofrontal duct under direct vision by intranasal endoscopic surgery firstly and find the fistula, then repair it with its own smashed muscle, and support it with muscular membrane and gelfoam,iodoform pledget.

经鼻内窥镜外科治疗外伤性额窦脑脊液鼻漏6例，利用经鼻内窥镜外科技术开放和扩大鼻额管，在直视下找到瘘口，应用自体碎肌肉覆盖瘘口，外加肌膜和明胶海棉、碘仿纱条填塞，对于单纯内窥镜下手术有困难者，结合眉弓小切口联合额窦切开进行修补。

We adopt a procedure to open and enlarge the nasofrontal duct under direct vision by intranasal endoscopic surgery firstly and find the fistula, then repair it with its own smashed muscle, and support it with muscular membrane and gelfoam,iodoform pledget.

经鼻内窥镜外科治疗外伤性额窦脑脊液鼻漏6例，利用经鼻内窥镜外科技术开放和扩大鼻额管，在直视下找到瘘口，应用自体碎肌肉覆盖瘘口，外加肌膜和明胶海棉、碘仿纱条填塞，对于单纯内窥镜下手术有困难者，结合眉弓小切口联合额窦切开进行修补。

He punched me and broke my superciliary ridge, drawing blood .

他一拳把我的眉弓打破了，鲜血直流。

Methods A skin incision 3-4cm away from upper lid margin to the place 1cm aboe the superciliary arcy was made in operation.

距上睑缘 3～4mm皮肤切口，向上潜行剥离至眉弓上 1cm ，在上睑眉弓皮肤下与骨膜之间制作 2cm向下滑动的额肌瓣，将额肌瓣和上睑睑板缝合固定。

Methods 40 embalmed adult cadaveric head specimens were anatomied and thickness of frontal protuberance, geison, mandibular angle and external occipital protuberance with sliding caliper and arcus jugalis thickness, depth, length etc were measured.

为减少颅骨干标本与活体的差异，选用经福尔马林处理的成年男、女头面部正常尸体40具，解剖、编号、定点、标记，游标卡尺直接测量尸体额结节、眉弓、枕外隆凸、下颌角处的厚度，测量颧弓厚度、深度、长度等。并采用微型电动砂轮对上述各骨进行试磨，以去外层的密质骨为标准再行测量分析。

Results Male thickness of rubbed sclerotin at frontal protuberance, geison, arcus jugalis , mandibular angle and external occipital protuberance were 5.30±1.24, 2.33±0.24, 2.84±0.75, 6.25±0.75, 8.47±1.36mm; female thickness were 4.20±1.10, 2.10±0.15, 2.14±0.46, 5.10±0.45 and 6.73±1.10mm.

结果 男性额结节可去的骨质厚度5.30±1.24mm，眉弓部可去的骨质厚度2.33±0.24mm，颧弓可去的骨质厚度2.84±0.75mm，下颌角可去的骨质厚度6.25±0.75mm，枕外隆凸可去的骨质厚度8.47±1.36mm，女性分别为：额结节可去的骨质厚度4.20±1.10mm，眉弓部可去的骨质厚度2.10±0.15mm，颧弓可去的骨质厚度2.14±0.46mm，下颌角可去的骨质厚度5.10±0.45mm，枕外隆凸可去的骨质厚度为6.73±1.10mm。

Operation: The performer puts the thumbs on "Yin Tang" between eyebrows of beneficiary with strength to rub separatedly along with upside of eyebrows to two sides to "Tai Yang"point.

体位：施术者坐于受术者的头顶前；2 操作：施术者用两手大拇指指腹着力，从受术者的两眉弓间的&印堂&穴开始，沿眉弓上缘分别向外分抹至&太阳&

Operation: The performer puts the thumbs on "Yin Tang" between eyebrows of beneficiary with strength to rub separatedly along with upside of eyebrows to two sides to "Tai Yang"point.

体位：施术者坐于受术者的头顶前；2 操作：施术者用两手大拇指指腹着力，从受术者的两眉弓间的&印堂&穴开始，沿眉弓上缘分别向外分抹至&太阳&出

A maths model according to anatomic measure in Transorbital Roof Craniotomy were established to compare with transorbital keyhole approach to frontal base meningioma and pituitary adenoma. We discovered that removing 1cm orbital roof bone will increase the instrument handle angle from 360 to 450(25%).

本文通过经眉弓锁孔去眶顶入路对前颅凹底脑膜瘤垂体瘤的手术治疗，从解剖测量数据建立几何数学模型，与传统眉弓入路进行比较发现去除1cm的眶顶骨质，在理论上手术器械的操作角度从360增加到450即增加25％。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。