相量

The results obtained by XRD show that the as-cast and quenched alloys have a multiphase structure, including theNi3 phase, LaNi5 phase and LaNi2 phase. The substitution of Al for Ni increases the amount of LaNi2 phase in the as-cast alloys, but it has an inappreciable influence on the abundance of the LaNi2 phase in the as-quenched alloy.

X射线衍射分析结果表明：铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构，包括Ni3相、 LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相； Al替代使铸态合金中LaNi2相的量显著增加，但对快淬态合金中LaNi2相的相丰度影响不显著。

The low-temperature peak corresponds to the minimum of relative dynamic modulus and is attributed to elastic modulus softening effect caused by the anelastic motion of the phase interface. The high-temperature peak corresponds to the inflexion point of relative dynamic modulus and the volume change produced by the normal motion of the phase interface is responsible for the peak.

低温内耗峰对应于相对动力学模量曲线最小值，是相界面切向滞弹性运动引起的模量软化所致；高温内耗峰对应于相对动力学模量曲线拐点，是相界面法向运动引起的体积变化所致。

By systemic researching and simulating experiment, the text gains such results as follows,1. On the base of sufficiency research on the oil-gas hydrocarbon systemic chemistry composing and the physical chemistry characters, we traverse the mechanism of the paraffin's deposition. Then we consider that paraffin deposition is a complex process ofphysical chemistry, which includes more than one single mechanism.2. Traversing and comparing the literature in detail on different factors that has effect on paraffin deposition, the available experimental methods on paraffin deposition, prevention of paraffin deposition, and removing of the deposited paraffin on the spot.3. Ameliorated the laser equipment of solid particle inspecting system and the corresponding test methods. Determine WCT of dead oil and live oil from KS101 well under different pressure with this system. The result implies that dead oil has opposite regulation on paraffin deposition temperature to live oil.4. A vapor-liquid-solid envelop is drawn by superposition regular vapor-liquid envelop and WCT curve thereby explained that the departure and quick raising of the curve in the low temperature zone is caused by the appearance of paraffin in solid phase.5. Estimation is made to determine the depth of paraffin deposition in the well.

通过系统的研究和实验模拟，本文取得了以下研究成果：(1)在充分调研油气烃类体系的化学组成及其物理化学特征的基础上，详细研究了石蜡沉降的机理，认为石蜡沉积是一个复杂的物理化学过程，是多种机理共同作用的结果；(2)深入调研并综合阐述了影响石蜡固相沉积的各种主要因素，对目前国内外常用的有机固相沉积实验研究方法和现场清防蜡措施也做出详尽的描述，并加以对比评价；(3)改进了油气藏开发重点实验室自行研制组装的高温高压下测定固相沉积的激光装置和测试方法，并用该套设备测定出柯深101井的井口脱气油样和凝析气平衡油样不同压力下的析蜡点，实验结果表明，脱气油和平衡油析蜡规律相反；(4)将常规气-液两相相图和析蜡曲线叠加得到了气—液—固三相相图，从而解释了气-液两相等液量线在低温区域偏离正常并快速上翘是由于体系有石蜡固相出现；(5)利用实验测试的析蜡温度预测析蜡位置，表明只有在距井口465m油管以上会有蜡析出。

The results show that the alloys are composed of LaNi5 as matrix and LaNi3 as secondary phase. With the increasing Sm substitution for La, the unit cell volume of matrix of the alloys shrinks linearly and both the hydrogen storage capacity and discharge capacity decrease. When the Sm substitution is 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, the discharge capacity decreases from 380 mA·h/g to 370(362), 355(334) and 329(295) mA·h/g, respectively. However, the rate performance and cycle stability is improved. After 100 cycles, the capacity loss decreases from 20% to 18%(17%), 16%(14%) and 13%(11%).

结果表明：该合金是由LaNi5主相和LaNi3第二相构成；随着Sm取代La量的增加，合金主相单胞体积线性收缩，合金储氢量和放电容量减小，当Sm取代量分别为0.1、 0.2、 0.3时，合金容量由380 mA·h/g分别减小到370(362)、 355(334)、 329(295) mA·h/g，但高倍率放电能力和循环稳定性得到改善， 100次循环后的容量损失率由20%分别降低到18%(17%)、 16%(14%)、 13%(11%)。

The results show that the alloys are composed of LaNi5 as matrix and LaNi3 as secondary phase. With the increasing Sm substitution for La, the unit cell volume of matrix of the alloys shrinks linearly and both the hydrogen storage capacity and discharge capacity decrease. When the Sm substitution is 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, the discharge capacity decreases from 380 mAh/g to 370(362), 355(334) and 329(295) mAh/g, respectively. However, the rate performance and cycle stability is improved. After 100 cycles, the capacity loss decreases from 20% to 18%(17%), 16%(14%) and 13%(11%).

结果表明：该合金是由LaNi5主相和LaNi3第二相构成；随著Sm取代La量的增加，合金主相单胞体积线性收缩，合金储氢量和放电容量减小，当Sm取代量分别为0.1、0.2、0.3时，合金容量由380 mAh/g分别减小到370(362)、355(334)、329(295) mAh/g，但高倍率放电能力和循环稳定性得到改善，100次循环后的容量损失率由20%分别降低到18%(17%)、16%(14%)、13%(11%)。

Obviously, due to the large total volume of soil, approximately 85. 2% of benzo pyrene in the area accumulated in the soil compartment.

土壤相是该地区最主要的富集相，其富集量占整个研究区域四个主环境相总富集量的85.2％。

Secondly, organical composite thermal storage materials which takethe PNIPAAm gels as the carriers and the palmitic acid and the lauric acidmixture for phase change materials were Synthesized by radicalpolymerization ,and organical/inorganical composite materials which takeP(NIPAAm-co-AAm) gels as the carriers and the palmitic acid、thelauric acid and Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O mixture were also Synthesized byradical polymerization.

其次，本文采用自由基聚合法，合成了以PNIPAAm凝胶为载体，棕榈酸和月桂酸的混合物为相变材料有机复合相变蓄热材料；及P(NIPAAm-co-AAm)凝胶为载体，棕榈酸、月桂酸和Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O为相变材料的有机／无机复合相变蓄热材料，采用红外光谱、示差扫描量热法、热重分析、扫描电镜等手段对两种复合材料的结构及热性能进行了表征与分析，研究了有机酸和无机盐的百分含量对复合材料的相变温度和相变焓的影响。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

In this thesis, the phase diagram of Zn-Al binary system on 10~69.5 w% was reinvestigated by using differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction and pushrod dilatometer. The process of isothermal transformation during the aging of high-Aluminum-Zinc-based alloy was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, and the aging behavior of the alloy was analyzed at the aspect of thermal analysis kinetics. The change of microstructure which the alloy was being heated was observed on high-temperature metallurgical microscope. The microstructure and wear-friction properties were compared among the alloys treated with several different heat treatment processes, and a model for heat treatment processes was proposed based on artificial neural network,so as to predict the relationship between friction coefficient and parameters of aging treatment such as aging temperature and time.

本文采用高温X射线衍射、示差扫描量热分析、热膨胀等方法重新测定含锌量范围为10％～69.5％的Zn-Al系二元相图，利用示差扫描量热分析法，研究高铝锌基合金时效等温转变过程，并从热分析动力学的角度分析高铝锌基合金合金时效行为；使用高温金相显微镜观察合金加热时的组织变化；比较几种不同热处理工艺对高铝锌基合金显微组织与耐磨性能的影响并利用人工神经网络建立高铝锌基合金热处理工艺模型，预测合金摩擦系数随时效温度及时间变化规律。

The results show that eutectic Al9FeNi phase can be fractured under different deforming conditions, but the primary Al9 FeNi phase is only partly deformed greatly.

结果表明，在不同条件下的高温变形均可使针状共晶l9FeNi相碎化，而对初晶l9FeNi相，只有在较大变形量下才能碎化；在热变形温度为400℃，应变速率为1 s-1，变形量为60％的热模拟实验条件下，不仅共晶l9FeNi相得到明显破碎，而且初晶l9FeNi相也得到一定程度的破碎。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。