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To some extent, the nucleate boiling and the two-phase forced convective heat transfer through the liquid film always co-exist in the saturated nucleate boiling zone and two-phase forced convection zone. The liquid fill-ratio, input power and content of the non-condensable gas exert significant influence upon the start-up performance and the heat transfer performance of LHP.

并且在饱和核态沸腾区与两相强制对流区内，总是在某种程度上同时发生着核态沸腾区与两相强制对流液膜传热；充液量、输入功率及其不凝性气体的含量对回路热管的起动性能和传热性能部有很大的影响。

This paper studies the main geometrical parameter such as angle, height, width, stagger and the upper width in dentation and trapezoid flow path, firstly, uses the single-phase numerical simulation of the computational fluid dynamics technique to analyse the influence of different geometrical parameter on discharge coefficient and flow state exponent of drip emitter. Secondly, uses the two-phases numerical simulation of CFD (1% sand content ) to analyse the influence of the above mentioned geometrical parameter on the contribution regulation of sand and anti-clogging performance. Thirdly, uses the PIV （ particle Tracking Velocimetry ） technique which can see the small-scale flow path to observe and test the trajectories and velocities of solid particles in labyrinth flow path, and analyses the basic factors which can influence the movement characteristic of solid particles and the flow state in flow path.

本文以齿形流道、梯形流道为主要研究对象，以流道转角、流道高，流道宽、偏差量及梯形流道上底宽为主要结构参数，首先应用 CFD 单相流数值模拟技术对不同结构参数灌水器流道水力性能进行模拟，分析了不同结构参数对流态指数和流量系数的影响，其次，应用 CFD 两相流（含沙量为1%）数值模拟技术分析了结构参数对含沙量分布规律和抗堵塞性能的影响，然后，应用 PIV 可视化测试方法测试了固体颗粒在流道内运行轨迹及速度，分析了影响固体颗粒运动特性及流道内流体流态的基本因素，最后，对上述流道结构形式通过模具加工及滴灌带试制，进行了标准化测试（ GB/T 17187-1997 农业灌溉设备滴头技术规范和试验方法与 ISO 标准 ISO /TC23 /SC18 /WG5N4短周期堵塞测试程序），测试结果验证了 CFD 模拟结果，并提出了迷宫结构流道灌水器的抗堵塞设计方法。

The experimental results show that manganese is dispersed in the intermediate phase.

试验结果表明，锰主要分布在中间相，随着MnO2外掺量的增多，熟料中铁相含量增多，C3A及C3S含量减少，液相大量出现的温度升高。

The stress-strain curves of Cu-Zn-Al alloys at different temperatures have been plotted on the tensile machine with the aid of electrometry. The main results were as follows: 1. When specimens were deformed within the range of M_s and M_d, the critical stress for inducing martensitic transformation increased with the temperature, and there existed a linear relationship between them. 2. When specimens were deformed above Af, complete pseudoelasticity might be obtained theoretically, which might be damaged, h...

在拉力试验机上用电测法测绘了Cu-Zn-Al合金在马氏体相变点上下各温度的σ-ε曲线，所得主要结果如下：(1)试样在M_s与M_d之间加载，随着温度升高，诱发马氏体相变所需临界应力增大，且加载温度与临界应力之间存在着线性关系；(2)在A_f点以上加载，理论上可获得完全的伪弹性，但加载温度过高或应变量过大，均会损害伪弹性；(3)试样在M_s点上下温度区域变形，得到的伪弹性回复和形状记忆回复之和在80%以上，但在M_s点附近总回复量出现一极小值，且伪弹性回复在M_f点以下又有所回升。

It is observed there are two phase transitions at about 400℃ and 850℃ in each sample before melting, respectively. By careful measurement it shows the amounts of weight loss and endotherm, along with T, decrease with the dopant increasing when phase transitions occurred.

热分析发现熔化前在400℃和850℃分别存在2个相变，仔细测量得出相变发生时随掺杂量增加，失重量和吸热量减少，超导转变温度T降低。

The results show that the thermal expansion coefficient changes respond to crystal phase proportion and transition.

发现样品的热膨胀系数随温度的变化行为是与样品中析出的晶相种类及析出量随温度的变化规律相对应的。

Fumed-silica surfaces were modified with resorcinol and hexamethylenetetramine complex, and NR/M-silica nanocomposites were prepared in mixing and curing process. Structure and properties of NR/M-silica nanocomposites were investigated by mechanical testing ,cross-linking density determination, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that M-silica have obvious reinforcement effect on NR vulcanizate.

用间苯二酚与六亚甲基四胺络合物对气相法白炭黑进行表面改性，通过混炼和硫化制备了天然橡胶/改性气相法白炭黑（NR/M-silica）纳米复合材料，并通过力学性能测试、交联密度测定、透射电镜、差示扫描量热法、红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱等手段研究了纳米复合材料的结构和性能。

Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil ODS2 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phases of potassium dihydrogen phosphate hexyl amine solution-acetonitrile(74∶26) for the determination of its related substances and methanol-0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(1∶1) for the determination of dexbetamethasone sodium phosphate. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 254 nm, the column temperature was 25℃ and the sample size was 20 μl.

色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2柱(250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm)；有关物质测定的流动相为磷酸二氢钾己胺溶液-乙腈(74∶26)，含量测定的流动相为甲醇-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(1∶1)；流速为0.8 ml/min，检测波长为254 nm，柱温为25℃，进样量为20 μl。

The results indicate that the flow stress of the alloy increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. The flow stress increases with increasing strain until the stress reaches the peak value, then the flow stress remains constant, which indicates that dynamic recrystallization happens during deformation. The flow behaviors are described by the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation, and the activation energy calculated is 337.75 kJ/mol. The as-forged microstructure consists of refined α2/γ and γ grains, and the grains are much homogeneous than before. The B2 phase distributes uniformly at the grain boundary of α2/γ and γ grains. The B2 phase decreases with increasing deformation temperature.

结果表明：流变应力随着应变速率提高和变形温度降低而增大；在变形过程中，流变应力随着变形量增大而增大，当流变应力达到峰值后趋于平稳，表明合金在变形过程中发生了动态再结晶；热变形过程的流变应力可采用双曲正弦本构关系来描述，平均激活能为337.75 kJ/mol；从合金的组织演化过程中可以看出，合金中不均匀的原始组织得到明显均匀化，变形后的组织是由α2/γ层片晶团和γ晶粒组成的双态组织，在α2/γ层片晶团和γ晶粒的晶界交界处发现分布均匀的B2相，并且随着变形温度升高B2相数量逐渐减少。

The deformation mechanism is mainly the single-slip and cross-ship, the fracture mechanism is mainly the congregation of transgranular micro-hole, and large uniform deformation occurred before tough fracture, and therefore, the ability of plastic deformation and the mechanical properties of the material were remarkably improved. These fully indicate that the new melt-treatment developed in this work is an effective and advanced technique, and further testify that the improvement of metallurgical quality of the material is the key to enhance its mechanical properties, especially its plastic deformation performance. The results of tensile and compression tests at elevated temperature also indicate that the suitable hot-working temperature range is 400～450℃. 4. A steady-state plastic flow exists during the plastic deformation of the aluminum sheet used for pressure can at elevated temperature. A hyperbolic sine relationship can be satisfied between the steady-state flow stress and strain rate by introducing an Arrhenius term which involves some thermal activation parameters, i.

压力罐用铝材中的主要冶金缺陷为Al〓O〓夹杂物、气孔及富Fe杂质相；高效熔体处理显著改善了材料的冶金缺陷的存在形态，使含杂量明显减少、夹杂物尺寸变细小且分布均匀，富Fe杂质相变为细小、分布均匀的团球状或短棒状的复杂化合物，同时也明显细化了结晶组织；此外，由于高效熔体处理有效地减少了材料中裂纹萌生源数量，因而改变了材料的塑性变形微观过程及断裂方式，主要以单滑移和交滑移进行塑性变形，断裂方式为穿晶微孔聚集型，韧性断裂前产生了大量的均匀变形，不易出现变形失稳，从而显著提高了罐用铝材的塑变能力和力学性能。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。