相量

For two-component systems, the phase rule takes the form of

例题 解：设液相物质的量为n，气相物质的量为n ，系统物质的总量为n，组成为xA，则

The measurement beam travel through the half circular polariscope and rotating analyzer to generate a measurement signal. As these two signals are guided into the lock-in amplifier, the phase retardation of the waveplate can be obtained.

由於锁相放大器所显示的相位延迟量在-180°~180°范围内，超出此范围则会产生误判，因此加入波长位移的技术，透过波长改变前后所产生的相位延迟量变化差值，可由此差值之正负号确定波板慢轴方向。

This thesis arms to develop a measurement system for detecting phase retardation, slow axis orientation, and optical path difference of a waveplate. The structure of the system includes three laser light source, a half circular polariscope, a rotating analyzer, an optical chopper and a lock-in amplifier.

中文摘要本论文用於量测双折射光学波板之相位延迟量、快慢轴方向、光程差与波板阶数，实验架构包含三种不同波长之雷射光源、半圆偏光仪系统、旋转分析板、光遮断器与锁相放大器所组成。

On the base of the advanced theories, research methods from home and abroad, intensive use of urban land on the connotation and extension have been defined, also the driving factors of intensive use land in Xinjiang have been analyzed. As the case of nineteen cities of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, from the land input level, the extent of land use, land-use efficiency and land use in four areas of eco-environmental quality, the establishment of a level of intensive use of urban land evaluation system has been done in this ***. Using the methods of Principal component analysis, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and ArcGIS, calculate the principal city of the intensive use of urban land points between 2001-2006, the municipalities of urban Land Use Composite Index, build the three-dimensional display model of Intensive use level of urban land, then analyses the characteristics of spatial-temporal variance of the urban land intensively utilization. Finally, analysis propose measures and advices.

本文反在呼取海外外相闭实际和研讨方式的基本上，闭于城市土地集约当用的外涵及外延入行了界订，并闭于旧疆土地集约当用的驱动果荤入行了剖析，然后以旧疆19个从要城市为研讨区域，自土地投入火平、土地当用火平、土地当用效力和土地当用生态环境量量四个方里，树立了城市土地集约当用火平评价指本体解，采取从败开剖析法闭于旧疆2001—2006暮年城市土地集约当用火平入行了评价，盘算各从要市的城市土地集约当用得开，用秩相闭解数闭于所盘算出的各市的城市土地集约当用综开得开入行时光特征剖析；还帮ArcGIS软件，剖析旧疆城市土地集约当用火平的空间格局；自城市非工业己口、投入、产出取用地删加弹性三个方里剖析城市土地分体集约当用收铺趋背；最初降出了土地集约当用的闭于策建议。

In order to meet the demand of precise measurement and applications, the principle of phase retardation with oblique incident angle is expounded, based on the total-reflection phase transformation theory of the phase retardation. By means of Fresnel rhomb, the variation law of the phase retardation for rhomb-type retarder with the incident angle is analyzed. The result indicates that incident angle has obvious influence over the phase retardation.The phase retardation is sensitive to the incident angle, and also has close correlation to incident position of the incident ray, which is asymmetrical to the incident position of the incident ray.

为满足精确应用和测量的需求，从相位延迟的全反射相变理论出发，阐述了斜入射相位延迟原理，以菲涅耳菱体为例，分析了菱体型相位延迟器相位延迟随其入射角变化的规律性，结果表明：当光线非严格准直时，光的入射角对相位延迟量有明显的影响，延迟量不但对入射角变化敏感，而且还与入射光线的入射方位密切相关，呈不对称形式。

By expressing 4-angular momentum of the high-speed particular in the form of tensor ,and by Lorentz transformation,we can get the conversion equation of 3-dimension angular momentum and auxiliary vector.

高速运动质点的4-角动量表示成张量Jμv 的形式，通过对Jμv进行洛伦兹变换可以得到3维角动量L的变换关系以及辅助量G的变换关系，在经典过渡下，前者与角动量的伽利略变换相符合，后者恰好反映加速度a是伽利略变换的不变量。

We know that once the glue coated in dispersing agent with surfactivity or anti-sedimentation, high friction waxes additive white ink on the Mexican film surface, as the two of conflict, or almost no uponsize of waxiness will make the substrate surface glue layer formation uniform ment, resulting in a composite color fastness of difference or compound strength low of low-quality packaging business card printing and membership card making products.

我们懂得，一旦胶水涂布在含有暗不天活性不合散剂或不攻浸、耐摩擦的蜡类助剂的不黑色底不朱不朱膜暗不天时，由于两物相斥，或实在无不推辛的蜡量便会使承印物暗不天胶水层变成平均的不面状物，从而导致不简单牢度不对或不简单强度矮的矮量包装制卡和会员卡制息成品爆发。

In the present study, tungsten oxide nanomaterials were synthesized by a modified plasma arc gas condensation technique. The effects of the plasma currents (70~90 A), chamber pressures (200~600 torr), production time（3~12 min）, oxygen partial pressure Ar:O2（1~6:1）and plasma including the hydrogen（0~10 %）on the preparation of tungsten oxide nanostructures were investigated. Pre-treatment on the tungsten oxide nanorods for surface modification was investigated by atmospherical plasma jet. The optical, filed emission, and gas sensing characteristics of tungsten oxide nanopowders were also examined.

本研究系利用电浆电弧气凝合成法来制备氧化钨奈米材料，分别探讨不同腔体压力（200~600 torr）、电浆电流（70~90 A）、制备时间（3~12 min）、氧分压Ar：O2（1~6：1）、电浆气含氢量（0~10 %）对於产物的形貌、相态影响，并使用常压低温电浆设备对氧化钨奈米棒进行表面处理，且针对氧化钨奈米材料的光学、场发射以及使用自行组装气体感测量测设备量测其气体感测特性。

Potential add-on options include multihead weighers, linear weighers, volumetric cup dosers, volumetric screw dosers and volumetrics for liquids, all providing exceptional performance when combined with Dolzan packaging machines.

潜在的附加选项，包括多头秤，线性秤，体积杯配量，体积螺丝配量和液体volumetrics，都提供了卓越的性能与多尔藏包装机相结合。

In addition, InP technology provides the following measurement benefits compared with other technologies available today: significantly flatter response at high frequencies; higher measurement accuracy because of the low-noise, nonconductive substrate; and higher reliability due to lower power consumption.

相较于其他的技术，InP技术还提供许多量测优点：在较高的频率下，可产生相当平坦的响应；低噪声的非传导性基板，可提高量测准确度；低消耗功率，可确保较高的可靠度。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。