相转变

Second, the morphology of martensitic variant of each orientation turns from thin to thick oblate spheroid, which corresponds to the parallel motion of the yield surfaces for different orientations in subsequent yielding. But when grains of each orientation have turned into martensitic phase, the corresponding forward transformation plastic yield surfaces vanish and vice versa.

二是每个取向的马氏体变体形貌从薄的扁旋转椭球体到厚旋转椭球体的长厚过程，对应于每个取向的相变塑性屈服面在后继屈服中平行移动，但当该取向的晶粒全部转变为马氏体后，所对应的正向相变塑性屈服面消失，反之亦然。

As P〓O〓 is added to glasses, the structure of phosphate glass in droplet shows gradually thefeature of orthophosphate, and the structure of silicate glass in matrix changes from low polymerazation degree to high polymerazation degree.

液滴相内以为主的磷酸盐玻璃，随着P〓O〓组份的引入，逐渐表现出具有正磷酸盐的结构特征；基底相内以为主的硅酸盐玻璃，则逐步从组群状、链状向层状、架状高聚合度方向转变。

As shown in Fig. 1a, the colossal magneto-resistive oxide La2?2 x Sr1+2 x Mn2O7 ( x =0.36,0.38) shows a metal – insulator transition at a T C just below 130 K, at which point the system also switches from being a Ferro magnet to a Paramagnet.

就像图1a 所示那样庞磁电阻氧化物 La2-2 x Sr1+2 x Mn2O7 ( x =0.36，0.38)巧好在低于130K 的 Tc 温度下显示出金属-绝缘体转变现象，也就是在这个温度下，系统从铁磁相变成顺磁相。

The results point out that the values of kinetic parameters are altered with the addition of Ti and C, which change the crystallization type from difficult nucleation and easy growth pattern to easy nucleation and difficult growth pattern, and this difficult nucleation and easy growth pattern may be the main reason why fine and even microstructure is gained in Ti and C doped alloys.The influences of Nd content, B content, partial substitution of Nd by Pr on the microstructure and magnetic properties have also been researched.

文章从动力学理论的观点揭示了合金显微结构与合金晶化动力学特性之间的关系，指出Ti和C添加改变了Nd9.4Fe79.6B11合金晶相析出时的动力学参量值，使合金晶化时晶相的析出方式由难形核易长大型加热管转变为易形核难长大型，这种易形核而难长大的晶化动力学特征，是Ti和C添加合金获得细小均匀的纳米晶结构的根本原因。

In the paper, we mostly studied the change of soil erosion process by a new REE tracer method, based on the theories of hydraulic mechanical subject and radionuclear tracer method, and simulated rainfall was applied to study the sheet erosion changing to rill erosion and the rill erosion process on slope land. The new REE tracer method should be useful to future studying of erosion processes on slope lands.1. Offering and testifying a new REE displacing method to study on the soil erosion of the loess slope.

本文以黄土坡面土壤侵蚀形态演变规律为研究重点，以新的核素示踪技术为手段，采用水动力学与核素示踪技术相结合、室内人工模拟降雨与稳定性REE元素示踪相结合的方法，利用先进的INAA技术，定量研究了不同雨强次降雨条件下细沟间侵蚀向细沟侵蚀的转变过程、细沟发生发育过程，为深入了解坡面侵蚀过程，建立黄土高原土壤侵蚀预报模型提供了研究基础。

In the two phase zone between liquidus and solidus, as fraction solid and deformation rate increase, the deformation mechanism changes from LF and FLS to SS and PDS.

在液固两相区间，随着固相分数和变形速率的提高，触变压缩过程中合金主导变形机制将由液相阻尼流动和液相流动逐渐转变为颗粒塑性变形和颗粒滑动。

But the tetragonal phase in the surface region transforms easily to monoclinic phase when the samples are exposed to air.

这可能是由于在缺氧条件下样品表面形成了一种具有氧空位的扭曲结构，这种结构可以阻止四方相到单斜相的转变。

The CCT curve s under deformed and undeformed conditions were obtained by way of thermal dilation and metallography.

用 Gleeble-1500型热力模拟试验机研究了含钛高强度钢变形奥氏体在连续冷却过程中的相变规律，用膨胀法结合金相法建立了该钢变形和未变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变曲线，并探讨了该钢的热轧可行性。

The results showed that the TiN andN films are polycrystalline phase. The properties and structure of TiN films are mainly determined by the N2 mass flow rate, and as the N2 mass flow rate increases, the structure of the TiN films transforms to f.c.c. type leading to better the properties of films. The presence of negative bias voltage can optimize the grain of TiN films, lower the defect proportion and denser the films, which improves the hardness of films. The TiN films conform to the free carrier absorption mechanism and there are many of free electrons with lower N content in TiN films. With the increase of N content, the quantity of free electrons and reflectivity of films decrease, and the plasma frequence shifts to the lower energy, which leads to the regular change of colors of films from silver, yellowy, golden to yellow-red, meanwhile the lightness of films decreases. The goldenN film consists of TiN and ZrN phase, but belongs to a sigle f.c.c. structure with (111) preferred orientation. The Zr-doping dosen't change the position of the valance band, conduction band and forbidden band ofN film, but leads to the presence of new energy levels, which is the reason thatN film remains golden. The transparent hard films with good corrosion resistance and high hardness have been prepared and the further reseachs showed that the grain size of those films is by far smaller than the wave length and the width of forbidden band of those films is very broad, is the reasons that those films are transparent.

研究表明：氮化钛和N 薄膜为多晶态，氮流量决定了氮化钛薄膜的结构和性能，增加氮流量能使氮化钛薄膜的结构向面心立方结构转变，从而得到性能良好的氮化钛薄膜；施加负偏压能优化氮化钛晶粒和减少薄膜中的缺陷，使膜层变得更致密，从而提高薄膜硬度；氮化钛主要遵循自由载流子光吸收，氮含量较少时薄膜中的自由电子数目较多，随着氮含量的增加，薄膜中的自由电子数目不断减少，反射率逐渐降低，等离子体频率向低能端移动，从而使薄膜颜色出现规律变化，由金属色银白色到淡黄、金黄再到红黄，并且薄膜亮度呈下降趋势；金黄色的N 薄膜中存在TiN 和ZrN 的分离相，但其为单一的面心立方结构并具有(111)面择优取向；相对于TiN 薄膜，Zr 掺杂后，并没有使薄膜的导带、价带和禁带发生变化，只是在TiN 禁带内增加了新能级，这也正是掺杂Zr 后，薄膜仍

The synthesized PCU was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and tensile strength measurement. The IR showed that the polymer synthesized by the above two methods both have the polycarbonate-urethane structure and the tensile measurement showed good mechanical performance of the polymer. The DSC and TGA data showed that there is an obvious soft-hard glass transition area, which indicated the existence of the micro-phase separation structure. The extent of the phase separation was affected by the ratio of starting materials, the molecular weight of PCD, and the polymerization method. The decomposition upon heating was observed in two steps. SAXS result showed that the radius (r_2), the distance between domains (d_2), and gyral radius (R_2) of hard segment micro-domain were fairly affected by the starting materials ratio and soft segment content.

IR结果表明两种方法合成的聚合产物均具有聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的结构；拉伸实验表明聚合产物具有良好的力学性能；DSC、TG结果表明，聚合物呈现出较为明显的软硬段玻璃化转变区，表明存在微相分离的结构，相分离的程度受原料配比、软段分子量、聚合方法的影响，其热分解分为明显的两个阶段； SAXS结果表明，聚合物原料配比、软段含量的变化对硬段微区回旋半径R_2，微区间距d_2，微区半径r_2影响不大其值分别为9.5(A|°、29、7.4，但对软段的微区半径及间距影响较大，随着软段含量的增大，软段微区的半径r1和间距d1都增大。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。