相转变

The results show that the glass-ceramics with fibroid structure is produced after definite heat treatment, the main crystallization phase is hedenbergite and anorthite is the minor crystallization phase. The optimal process of heat treatment shows as follows: the nucleation temperature is 850 ℃ and hold time is 100 min, and the crystallization temperature is 980 ℃ and hold time is 80 min. With increasing heat treatment temperature, the FT-IR absorption bands appear obvious split, the aluminum-oxide polyhedron in the glass network changes from [AlO4] to [AlO6]. The titanium ion in the glass network gradually transforms to the 6-coordinated, moreover forms minicrystal of MgTi2O5 and Fe2TiO4 which provides the position of heterogeneous nucleation for the growth of crystal.

结果表明：在一定的热处理条件下可以以基础玻璃制备出主晶相为钙铁透辉石，次晶相为钙长石的纤维状结构的微晶玻璃；最佳的热处理工艺为：850 ℃核化100 min，980 ℃晶化80 min；随着热处理温度的升高，红外吸收带发生明显的分裂；玻璃结构中的[AlO4]向[AlO6]转化；网络结构中的钛离子逐渐转变为六配位，形成微晶相——钛酸镁和钛铁晶石，为晶体的生长提供非均匀形核位置。

The type of magnetic phase transition in Dy(subscript 1-xGd Co2 compounds is found shifting from first order to second order as Dy is substituted by Gd, which is supposed to be the main reason for the detraction of MEC.

磁熵变下降的主要原因是Gd替代Dy后化合物的磁相变由一级相变转变为二级相变。

Both cases are acompanied by the light-emission from the transition from higher excited-state to lower excited-state, and the total superfluous band energy of nuclear system is released by means of excited element, and an energy level appears in the ground-state band, which signifies a quantum phase transition.

基于微观IBM理论，提出转动诱导出玻色子量子相变的一种可能途径：一旦原子核在受到高能激发或作快速旋转时，假如外界提供的能量足以使玻色子完成拆对顺排，则核处于集体相与单粒子态的共存相，其特征是出现较密集的能谱；假如能量不足以完成拆对或顺排，可能发生两种情况之一，当核旋转达到某个临界转动频率ω c时，或者一个高角动量的玻色子脱离"集体"而"游离"出来，或者发生一个高角动量的玻色子转变为一个低角动量的玻色子，核仍旧处于集体相；均会伴随出现光辐射，产生基态带的一条能级——相变信号。

With increasing of heat treatment temperature,the fraction of ω phase decreases and a phase precipitates,which cause the hardness and elastic modulus decrease.When annealing temperature is close to β transition point,the hardness and elastic modulus presents minimum values.

结果表明，当合金中存在ω相时，合金的的硬度和弹性模量最高，随着热处理温度的提高，合金中的ω相消失，代之而来的是a相，而且越接近β转变温度，a相含量越少，对应的弹性模量和硬度越来越低。

On the basis of the related essential glass transition theory,the main effects on glass transition temperature including composition,molecular weight and plasticization were debated.

在玻璃化转变的相关基础理论上，综述了影响玻璃化转变温度的主要因素，指出了玻璃化转变温度作为建立在动力控制过程的非平衡态基础上的物理化学参数，与水分含量和水分活度两重要指标相结合，可以用来解释干燥食品加工贮藏中引起食品腐败变质的各种动力学过程

For vortex-liquid phase,the E-J relation could be described according to the Kim-Anderson model:U=U0(1-J/JC).While for vortex-glass phase,the electric field decays verydramatically with decreasing current density,so it is difficult to be observed with theinstrument has limited precision.In the intermediate current region,the E-Jrelations of the both phases could be fitted in terms of a phenomenological model:U=(U0/μ)[μ-1],it was concluded that the sign of μ-value changes fromnegative to positive when the temperature decreases lower than the glass-transitiontemperature Tg,meanwhile,the activation energy U enhances dramatically.Whilein the large current region,Zeldov's logarithmic model was suitable for fitthing theE-J curves of the both phase.Moreover,there was no abrupt change of U or thecharacteristic current density IC.However,the effective radius of vortex line variesremarkably around Tg.

对于涡旋液体相，小电流区的E-J关系可以用计及反跳的Kim-Anderson模型U＝U0(1-J/JC)来描述，而对于涡旋玻璃相，小电流区的电场随电流密度减小而迅速衰减，以致很快脱离了实验测量精度的范围；在中等电流区，两相的E-J关系可以用共同的唯象过渡模型U＝(U0/μ)[μ-1]来拟合，得到在玻璃转变温度Tg两侧μ值由正到负的变化，同时激活能U在Tg以下迅速升高；在较高电流区，两相的E-J关系可以很好的用Zeldov对数模型来描述，拟合结果表明U在Tg两侧的趋势没有明显变化，但是涡旋线的有效半径发生了显著变化。

Based on allotropic transformation of ingot,the definition,strength performance and feature of the iron-carbon alloy basic phase(ferrite,austenite and carburizing) are analyzed on the iron-carbon alloy phase diagram .

在铁碳合金相图上直接从工业纯铁的同素异晶转变开始分析铁碳合金基本相铁素体、奥氏体和渗碳体的定义、力学性能、特点等，再用铁碳合金基本相和相图的规律来分析铁碳合金相图的点、线和各区域组织。

The structure measurement indicates that only a small amount of Bi3+ ions can not enter the A-site of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 lattice. Because of the low melting behavior of bismuth oxide, the superfluous Bi will segregate as insulating bismuth oxides and bismuthate. Because of the segregation of Bi, the surface of the main phase has different ferromagnetic property from that of the core, namely the magnetic inhomogeneity of the samples is enhanced, which results in the broader ferromagnetism-paramagnetism transition and magnetoresistance plateaus in samples with the high Bi content.

结构测试表明Bi并不能进入La2/3Ca1/3MnO3的晶格锰位，由于A位元素的过量和铋氧化物的低熔点特性，烧结过程中Bi元素析出形成了绝缘性的第二相；并且Bi的析出导致样品主相的表面存在与主相体心磁性质不同的铁磁相，即样品的磁不均匀性增强，使得高Bi含量的样品表现出宽的铁磁-顺磁转变和磁电阻平台效应。

The main results are summarized as follows: X-ray powder diffraction investigation of the Pr5Si_4-xGex pseudobinary system reveals that three structurally distinct phase regions exist in the system at ambient temperature.

经1273K退后一周后，该体系只存在两个单相区：Zr_5Si_4结构的Pr_5Si_4基固溶体(0≤x≤2.8)；正交Sm_5Ge_4结构的Pr_5Ge_4基固溶体(3.0≤x≤4.0)；室温存在的单斜Gd_5Si_2Ge_2型金属间化合物相区则完全转变为高温的四方相相区。

Also the multi-scale entropy processing and analysis of conductance fluctuating signals acquired by VMEA sensor for five flow patterns with water as the continuous liquid are conducted. The study result indicates that the increase of f o makes oil in water type slug flow occur at lower U sg; for low flow velocity, the continuous liquid inversion occurs at about f o=0.9 and the increase of U sg makes the inversion point move to low oil volume fraction; the multi-scale entropy detail describes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of oil-gas-water flow patterns and the rate of MSE at low scales sensitively indicates the variation of flow patterns and can act as the efficient criterion of three-phase flow patterns identification.

对水为连续相的5种流型VMEA传感器波动信号进行了多尺度熵分析，研究结果表明：含油率增加可使水包油段塞流在较低气相表观速度下产生；较低流速下的油水相态逆转可发生在油液比为0.9左右，气相流速增加使得逆转点向含油率低的方向偏移；多尺度熵细节可以刻画油气水三相流非线性动力学特性，而低尺度的多尺度熵变化率敏感地反映流型转变，是划分油气水三相流流型的有效准则。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。