相手术

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

If the diabetes of patients with cataract can be controlled their glucose level in the blood remains normal and stable over three months, ECCE with IOL can be perfomed on such patients and the therapeutic results of the operation can be safe and reliable.

仅术前血糖高于正常水平并非是手术禁忌证，只要使术前空腹血糖稳定在与糖尿病病情相适宜的水平3个月以上，对糖尿病患者施行白内障人工晶体手术是有效且安全可靠的。

Abstract］ Objective To evaluate the estimative function of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

结果 判别函数所显示的手术方法概率与LC手术结果相符合的825例，符合率93.86%。

"We've been able to take very large fibroids (12-14 cm in diameter) out through these small incisions by first morsellating the fibroid with a scalpel before enucleating it," said Dr. Glasser, noting the advantage over laparoscopy, which is not recommended for fibroids greater than 7 cm in diameter."It's a little different approach, but it works very well and it's a hemostatic way of performing a myomectomy," he added.

Glasser医师表示，在清除步骤前，会先以解剖刀捣碎纤维瘤，如此一来，我们可以经由这些小切口来去除很大的纤维瘤(12到14公分的直径)；相较於腹腔镜手术法，这个方法具有较高的效益，因为腹腔镜手术法并不建议用在去除直径大於7公分的纤维瘤；这个方法有一点不同，但是效果很好，而且在进行肌瘤切除时，此法具有很好的止血性。

Dr. Glasser reviewed the records of 139 women (mean age, 38.9 years; range, 23-56 years) who underwent minilaparotomy myomectomy between January 1995 and December 2003. The procedure was performed through a four- to six-inch suprapubic cruciate incision using an atraumatic Mobius retractor, thus allowing more operating surface area than a Pfannensteil incision.

Glasser医师所分析的资料包含139位女性患者(平均年龄38.9岁，年龄介於23到56岁)，这些患者都在1995年1月至2003年12月间，以小型腹腔手术去除子宫肌瘤；手术方式为先在耻骨上作一4到6英吋的十字型手术切口，再以非创伤性的Mobius(Apple Medical公司供应)牵开器将手术切口撑开；相较於Pfannensteil切割法，此法会产生的较大的手术表面积。

Medical science is more objective than palmistry.

比如，医学科学就比相手术更加客观。

Does palmistry have any basis in science?

相手术有没有任何科学依据？

Most experts agree that palmistry started in India, but perhaps its most common association is with the nomadic people popularly known as Gypsies.

大多数专家同意相手术起源于印度，不过也许最轻易是和人们熟悉的游牧民族吉普赛人联系在一起。

Gasless laparoscopyassisted partial nephrectomy embodies the advantages of both open surgery and laparoscopic surgery,and will become a good choice for partial nephrectomy.

无气腹腹腔镜肾部分切除术将传统开放手术与腹腔镜技术相结合，学习曲线短，可能成为一种比较理想的肾部分切除的手术方式。

Gasless laparoscopy assisted partial nephrectomy embodies the advantages of both open surgery and laparoscopic surgery,and will become a good choice for partial nephrectomy.

无气腹腹腔镜肾部分切除术将传统开放手术与腹腔镜技术相结合，学习曲线短，可能成为一种比较理想的肾部分切除的手术方式。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。