相对论的

The non-relativistic energies and wave functions were determined by Rayleigh-Ritz method. The relativistic effects, including the correction to kinetic energy, the electron-electron contact term, and the orbit-orbit interaction, Darwin term, and mass-polarization effect on the energies were calculated by using first-order perturbation theory. In order to obtain a more accurate result for the larger Z system, the quantum-electrodynamics correction should be included. This correction to energy can be evaluated for the valence electron by using a hydrogenic formula with an effective nuclear charge, Z. The ionization potential, the excitation energies and the fine structure split-tings for a lithium-like ion with higher nuclear charge (Z=26) were calculated.

非相对论能量用Rayleigh-Ritz变分法确定，包括动能修正、电子—电子接触项、轨道—轨道相互作用项以及Darwin项的相对论修正和质量极化项由全实加关联波函数的一阶微扰给出，量子电动力学修正由有效核电荷方法和类氢公式计算；给出了较高核电荷(Z=26)类锂体系1s^2nl组态的电离能、激发能和1s^2np组态的精细结构劈裂。

For the plane wave of laser without pulse shape, we derive the express of electron trajectory by the relative Lorentz and energy equations. Note that the orbit of electron becomes a "fat-8" in the average rest frame. For the plane wave of Gaussian laser, we may know that, through relative Hamilton-Jacobi equation, electrons are accelerated in the front of pulse and decelerated backward. Whereas for the non-plane wave of Gaussian laser, we solve the Lorentz and energy equations by fourth order Runge-Kutta method.

对于无脉冲形状的激光平面波是从考虑了相对论效应的Lorentz方程和能量方程出发，得到了电子的运动轨迹方程表达式，在纵向平均速度参照系下该电子的轨迹呈现"8"字形；对于高斯型单色激光平面波是从相对论Hamilton-Jacobi方程出发，得到激光平面波在脉冲前沿加速电子而脉冲后沿减速电子，电子能量增益为零；而对于高斯型单色激光非平面波是从拉格朗日运动方程和能量方程出发，通过四阶Runge-Kutta法数值求解，得到电子在纵向有质动力、横向电场作用下加速电子，最后在强大的横向有质动力作用下从脉冲侧面散射出去，可以获得很大能量增益本文得到了相应的电子瞬时动量解析表达式。

The ground states properties of Ne-isotopes were calculated with Relativistic mean field theory. Compared with the experimental datas, its discovered that the nucleus properties chang regularly with the changes of neutron number when the proton number is even. The results proved indirectly that even nucleus has no direct influenced on another kind of nucleus. Besides, the applicability of Relativistic mean field theory in this region was tested.

用相对论平均场理论计算了Ne同位素的基态性质，并和实验比较，发现当质子是偶数时，核的性质有规律地随中子数的变化而变化，由此间接证明了偶数核子对另一类核子无直接影响；同时，也检验了相对论平均场理论在该区域的适用性。

In this thesis, the properties of temperature and electrostatic potential energy of neutron star are investigated within the frame of general relativity further.

而它们的高密度和强引力场又使它们的讨论离不开Einstein的广义相对论，成为相对论天体物理十分重要的一个研究方向。

This is readily apparent in that they refer to the Newton's 'Law' of Gravitation whilst Special Relativity and General Relativity are given the polite attribution 'The Theory of' or simply SR 'theory' and GR 'theory.

这是显而易见的，他们指的是牛顿'法'的引力而狭义相对论和一般相对论，获得了和气归属'理论'或干脆简论'，躺着的理论。

Based on the nonlinear dispersion relation of electromagnetic wave in relativistic plasma, the nonlinear controlling equation for linearly polarized mode is obtained using Karpman's method. The modulation instability of intense laser pulse propagating through relativistic plasma is analyzed and the modulation instability growth rate as a function of perturbation wave number for laser beam propagating through relativistic plasma is given.

从相对论等离体中电磁波的非线性色散方程出发，利用Karpman方法获得了线性偏振波模所满足的非线性控制方程，在非线性色散方程和非线性控制方程的基础上对线性偏振激光在相对论等离体中传播的调制不稳定性进行分析，给出了调制不稳定的时间增长率与扰动态波数之间的函数关系。

Afterwards, using the spherical tensor form of many-electron atom Hamilton and the irreducible tensor theory, the relativistic and fine-structure energy correction to the non-relativistic energy of Boron-like atoms in the ground and the first excited states have been further investigated. A theoretically analytic way has been given as to the calculation of all the radial integrations and spin summations, which concern interactions such as orbit-orbit, spin-orbit, spin-spin and spin-other-orbit. Therefore, the whole process of calculating the many- electron atom energy structures has been explicitly revealed and the results are relatively precise and satisfactory.

在此基础上，利用多电子原子哈密顿算符的球张量形式和不可约张量理论，进一步研究了类硼离子基态和第一激发态非相对论能级的相对论修正和精细结构，给出了轨道-轨道、自旋-轨道、自旋-自旋、自旋-其它轨道等相互作用所涉及的所有角向积分和自旋求和的解析计算方法，清晰地展示了多电子原子结构计算的过程，得到了较为精确的理论计算结果。

Based on calculating the first-order corrections to the energy from relativistic and mass-polarization effects, we estimate the higher-order relativistic contribution and QED correction to the energy under a hydrogenic approximation. The transition energies, wavelengths and oscillator strengths for the 1s23s-1s2np transitions of this ion are calculated.

在计算相对论效应和质量极化效应对体系能量的一级修正的基础上，通过引入价电子的有效核电荷，在类氢近似下，估算了对能量的高阶相对论修正和QED修正，计算了该离子1s23s-1s2np的跃迁能，波长和在三种规范下的振子强度。

The radial force balance equation for the self-electric field and self- magnetic field of the relativistic electron beam is used to calculate the angular rotation frequency of the relativistic electron beam propagating through the cylindrical wave guide filled with nonneutral plasmas.

首先利用相对论电子束的自电场与自磁场所产生的径向力平衡方程，计算出相对论电子束在稳态非中性等离子体填充的柱状波导中传输的转动频率。

The problem is how to consider the relativistic corrections to this potential. Adopting the assummation that the quark interaction is the sum of the usual one-gluon direct exchange and the mixture of linear scalar and vector potentials, we structure the relativistic corrections of order v2/c2to the Cornell potential, including the annihilation potential for the quark and antiquark of the same favors which plays the same role with the one-gluon direct exchange at short distances.

采纳库仑势源于单胶子直接交换，而线性禁闭源于标量和矢量的混合，同时考虑在短程区域与单胶子直接交换起同样作用的同味正反夸克的湮灭，构造了静态夸克-反夸克势到v~2／c~2级次的完全相对论修正，并拟合计算了重介子偶素的能谱，讨论了相对论修正对重介子偶素能级分裂的作用。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失