相对生长

F. pumila had the strongest capacity to adhere to walls, and it formed a quite good covering landscape by means of a large quantity of adventitious roots. Furthermore, it was tolerant to shade, and the effects of shading on its growth and landscape covering were very small. P. heterophylla had the rapidest growth and covering speed, and it adhered to walls by adhesive discs, but was defoliated in winter or after a long period of shading. The other three vines climbed walls using adventitious roots, and their adhering capacities were all relatively poor. However, E. fortunei still formed a relatively good covering due to its rapid growth and emerald leaf colour. After shading for four months, leaves of F, pumila, C. grandiflora, and P. serpens became thin, and accordingly their leaf weight per unit area significantly decreased. Shading also reduced chlorophyll contents of C. grandiflora and E. fortunei but enhanced those of F. pumila and P. serpens, It did not influence leaf thickness, leaf weight or chlorophyll content of P. heterophylla. Whether shaded or not, the relationship between Pn and PAR for each species could be expressed as y=alnx+b, and furthermore there was a significant (P.01) correlation between them. Pn and LCP values for all five lianas also significant (P.01) correlated. Shading reduced LCP values of P. heterophylla, C. grandiflora and E. fortunei but increased LSP of F. pumila.

结果表明，1薛荔对墙体附着力最强，它依靠大量的不定根吸固在墙体上，形成很好的覆盖效果，而且薜荔耐荫，遮光对其生长与覆盖的影响很小；爬墙虎的生长与覆盖速度最快，它主要依靠吸盘吸固墙壁，但在冬季或长时间遮光后出现明显落叶现象，影响其覆盖景观；其他3种都依靠不定根沿墙面攀援，附着力相对较差，但扶芳藤由于生长较快，叶色终年保持翠绿，也能形成相对较好的覆盖效果；2遮光4个月后，薛荔、凌霄和蔓九节的叶片变薄，相应地这3种植物单位面积的叶片重量都显著减轻；遮光还使凌霄和扶芳藤的叶绿素含量减少，使薛荔和蔓九节的增加，但对爬墙虎的叶片厚度、叶重和叶绿素含量都不产生明显影响；3无论遮光与否，5种植物的Pn与PAR之间的关系都可用y=alnx+b表示，并且都达极显著相关，Pn与光补偿点之间亦呈极显著相关；遮光还使爬墙虎、凌霄和扶芳藤的LCP下降，并使薛荔的光饱和点升高。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

The results indicate seawater concentration has no effect on absorbency, pH, relative density, dry matter and water contents in Aloe vera leaves. While, seawater stress causes increased MDA and membrane penetration, decreased phytochroms, prolines and NO_3~--N. It is beneficial to plant growth when irrigation was done with 10% seawater, because of higher ratio of K~+/Na~+ and lower ratio of Na~+/Ca~(2+). In addition, the polysaccharide contents in Aloe vera leaves increase twice and triplication under 25% and 50% seawater irrigation respectively, the barbaloin contents increase over triplication in var. 75% seawater and over twice in var. 50% seawater and var. 100% seawater. However, when seawater concentration exceeds 25% the growth of plant was inhibited, biomass decreased, flowering time was deferred, Ca~(2+) content decreased caused by Na~+ accumulation in leaves.

结果表明：在海水胁迫下，库拉索芦荟全叶汁的吸光度、酸度、相对密度、总固形物和水分含量总体上受海水浓度的影响不大；但芦荟叶的丙二醛含量和质膜透性增加，叶绿体色素、脯氨酸和硝态氮含量减少；在10％海水浇灌下，芦荟叶细胞具有较高的K~+／Na~+比和较低的Na~+／Ca~(2+)比，对库拉索芦荟的生长有一定的促进作用；在25％海水和50％海水浇灌下，芦荟多糖含量提高了2-3倍；在75％海水浇灌下芦荟甙含量增加了3倍多，在50％海水和100％海水灌溉下，其含量也增加了2倍多；当海水浇灌浓度超过25％后，库拉索芦荟的生长明显受到抑制，生物量降低，抽苔期推迟，同时，海水浓度的增加也导致芦荟叶中累积大量Na~+，从而使得芦荟叶中Ca~(2+)含量降低，但Mg~(2+)并没有受到海水浓度的影响；用浓度低于75％的海水浇灌库拉索芦荟可以降低剖面深度在0-100cm之间的土壤盐度；其抗氧化保护酶中超氧化歧化酶的酶活力相对保持稳定，过氧化物酶的酶活力在10％海水浇灌下明显提高，随后则下降，而过氧化氢酶的酶活力则随海水浓度的升高而下降。

The results showed: 1 With longer water stress, the growth and accumulation of dry matter of A.persica and Amygdalus communis L. was the fastest when the soil relative water content is 80%.The growth and accumulation of dry matter of A.persica and Amygdalus communis L. was restrained when the soil relative water content is 40% and 20%.But both of them still kept on growing the biomass weight.

主要结论如下： 1随着胁迫时间的延长，毛桃和石头扁桃在土壤相对含水量为80%时生长最快和干物质积累量最大，土壤相对含水量为40%和20%时生长明显受到抑制，干物质积累量降低，但仍保持一定的生长。

During the early growth stage of seedlings, basal stem diameter and paripinnate number were decreased with the increasing of shade, taproot length, root : shoot ratio, total dry weight and leaf area per seedling were maximal under 37.3% NS, specific leaf area was increased with the increasing of shade, but the relative growth rate was declined. Seedlings grew fastest under 0.6% NS, suggesting that nutrients stored in seeds played an important role at the early growth stage. The treatment of 37.3% NS was best for established seedlings in seedling height, basal stem diameter, paripinnate number, rachis length, the maximum sub-leaflet number of individual paripinnate, leaf area per seedling, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Light intensity was positively correlated to total dry weight, and negatively to specific leaf area. The maximum of SLA was observed under 15.5% NS.

生长早期的幼苗基径和复叶数随遮荫程度的增加而降低；主根长、根冠比、总干重和单株叶面积均以37.3% NS处理最大；比叶面积随遮荫程度的增加而增大，而相对生长率则降低；幼苗株高在0.6% NS下增长最快，表明种子中贮藏的营养物质对幼苗的早期生长可能具有重要作用。37.3% NS处理对定居后绒毛番龙眼幼苗的生长最有利，幼苗的株高、基径、复叶数、叶轴长、复叶最多小叶数、单株叶面积、相对生长率和净同化率均在37.3% NS处理下获得最大增长；幼苗总干重随光照强度的减弱而降低；比叶面积在15.5% NS处理时最大。

The treatment of 37.3% NS was best for established seedlings in seedling height, basal stem diameter, paripinnate number, rachis length, the maximum sub-leaflet number of individual paripinnate, leaf area per seedling, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate.

生长早期的幼苗基径和复叶数随遮荫程度的增加而降低；主根长、根冠比、总干重和单株叶面积均以37.3％NS处理最大；比叶面积随遮荫程度的增加而增大，而相对生长率则降低；幼苗株高在0.6％NS下增长最快，表明种子中贮藏的营养物质对幼苗的早期生长可能具有重要作用。37.3％NS处理对定居后绒毛番龙眼幼苗的生长最有利，幼苗的株高、基径、复叶数、叶轴长、复叶最多小叶数、单株叶面积、相对生长率和净同化率均在37.3％NS处理下获得最大增长；幼苗总干重随光照强度的减弱而降低；比叶面积在15.5％NS处理时最大。

In the seedlings time, the content of chlorophyll decreased by the deficiency of B, but the content of chlorophyll in the high efficiency cultivar decreased slowly than that of the low efficiency cultivar. This suggested that the leaves of the high efficiency cultivar can capture more light energy and the photosynthetic rate of the high efficiency cultivar decreased slowly. In the bolting time and blooming time, after two weeks of B deficiency treatment, the content of chlorophyll in the top leaves of the high efficiency cultivar decreased, and in the late time, the content of chlorophyll decreased slowly. But, the content of chlorophyll in the bellow leaves of the two cultivars had little changes. The reason may be that B in the high efficiency cultivar distributed to the propagative organ in the late growth, and the leaves were short of B.

苗期，缺硼导致甘蓝型油菜色素含量降低，且高效品种色素含量下降的幅度小于低效品种，表明营养生长阶段，同等程度的缺硼条件下，高效品种叶片对光能的收集能力以及光合速率下降的程度相对较小；苔期和花期，在两周的缺硼处理后，高效品种上部叶色素含量依然呈下降趋势，但随着生育期的推移，其下降幅度减小；而高效品种下部叶和低效品种叶片含量变化不大，可能是甘蓝型油菜进入生殖生长阶段后，高效品种将硼更多地分配到繁殖器官，而其叶片却承受了相对较大的缺硼胁迫。

The fertilizer test base on three aspect of grain size、growth velocities 、rate of the green parts, the result present that IBDU multiple fertilizer is bigger grain size and quirkier hydrolyze rapid and more short release period than UF multiple fertilizer, which work easier burning spot on grass leaf of Green lawn; on aspect of growth

肥料对比试验中，进行了颗粒大小、生长速度和绿叶率变化等三个指标的测试，结果指出IBDU技术肥料相对UF技术肥料在沙土环境中具有水解速度快，养分释放周期短等特点，并且大颗粒的IBDU技术肥料容易在水解过程中对果岭草坪产生灼烧性斑点，而对比试验使用的UF技术肥料由于粒径较小相对克服了此点不足；在生长速度和绿叶率变化方面，IBDU果岭均提前于UF果岭达到生长高峰和全绿率，也提前下降生长速率和绿叶比值，试验最终IBDU果岭的日生长量和绿叶率均明显低于UF果岭的数值。

In contrast, for t he newly stabilized sand dune, t he annual plant will consume more resource and energy for nutrition development in order to cope wit h the harsh environment.

通过研究，我们得到以下结论：随着沙面固定时间的延长，一年生植物生存的环境相对好转，一年生植物把更多的资源和能量用于繁殖，增加其种群规模；沙丘固定时间相对短的，一年生植物将把更多的资源和能量用于营养生长，以抵御不利的生长环境。

The tree diameter at breast height and crown length can be used to predict the size and location of mean knot diameter in a whorl.A linear mixed model expressed as function of tree and knot variables such as HK、RKD、KD and DBH was used to predict sound knot length,and a log-linear mixed model using RKD and DBH as variables was used to describe loose knot length.4.A knot has four development phases:from the birth of a branch to its growth cessation,from growth cessation to death,form death to occlusion and form birth to occlusion.The numbers of annual rings in four periods,as well as the stem width of respective zones were used as dependent variables predicted by models expressed as function of tree variables and knot attributes.5.Using the data of diameter out side bark of 15 relative heights along the step,the best taper equation for Larix olgensis was established.

节子平均直径可以用以胸径，冠幅和节子高度为参数的舒马克生长方程来预测，用树木胸径和冠长可对每轮节子平均直径的最大值及位置进行预测；健全节长度可用以节子着生高度、相对直径、节子直径以及树木胸径为参数的线性混合模型来预测，疏松节长度采用节子相对直径和胸径为自变量的可转化为线性模型的自然对数模型来预测；4、节子有四个生长发育时期：从枝条形成到生长停止BC从生长停止到死亡(CD从死亡到包藏DO从形成到包藏

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了