相对年代

Even in relative terms, the east's catching-up process has nearly come to a standstill since the mid-1990s.

即使按相对值计算，从上世纪90年代中期以来，东德的追赶进程就一直近乎陷于停滞。

A long-term graph of the Vix hints at cyclicality, with periods of great choppiness in the early and late 1990s book-ending an era of relative calm in the middle of the decade.

Vix 的长期图像也暗示着周期性，1990s的早期和末期呈现大量的波浪，夹在中间的90年代中期却是一段相对平静的时期。

Many refining techniques have successively been developed abroad in the 1980s, such as high-pressure plasma arc melting, pressure-electro-slag-remelting, counterpressure foundry and powder metallurgy etc.

在20世纪80年代，国外相继开发了高压等离子弧熔炼、增压电渣重熔法、反压铸造法以及粉末冶金等高氮钢冶炼工艺，但我国在这方面的工作相对比较落后。

It pretty much has to, as the operating current for both stages is the same, the series resistance is only trivially different compared to the forward biased input impedance of a triode grid (10's of K's for the typical duotriode input), and the voltage divider ratio difference between 100/10K and 470/100K is 0.990099 versus 0.995322, an inaudible amplitude difference.

相当有作为的经营现为两个阶段是相同的，一系列的阻力，只是没有太大的不同，相对于前进偏颇输入阻抗三极管一格(10年代K的对典型duotriode投入)，该分压器比例相差100/10k和470/100k是0.9900990.995322versus，inaudible幅度差。

Part I: Multi-cultural intergrowth of the times.

上世纪90年代，随着社会价值观的多元化发展，以及由此带来的相对宽松自由的社会文化环境，知识分子的地位呈现边缘化趋势，这时"反知青文学"悄然出现。

In contrast to the enthusiasm of researching social protest in the 1980s, social protests initiated by the laypeople in the 1970s are rather left without systematic scrutiny.

相对於研究1980年代的沸沸扬扬，1970年代的社会冲突、抗争没有得到足够的重视，也缺乏系统性的经验研究。

Their differences in form make this effect a complicated process of intersecting and dissociating, attracting and resisting.

日常叙事的风行是对曾经一统天下的宏伟叙事的偏执性反拔，是启蒙神话破裂之后的幻灭叙事，写物主义倾向和日常生活本身的封闭性与重复性使小说的主体性呈现为碎片状态；模糊审美作为叙事风格主要表现为内心光照逐渐黯淡的黑夜主题夺走了叙事者的存在基础，欲望化叙事和表象化叙事闪现着一种遗忘意志，作家相对主义式的犹豫表达模糊了必要的价值分野；小说的新闻化倾向作为一种文体现象，是对快速推进的信息时代和全球性的非虚构化潮流的文化回应，但它所标榜的真实性因为只能停留在表浅层次而显得暖昧和可疑；自我重复是反修辞和反诗学的命题，是指相同的叙事成分在同一作家的不同作品中的机械重复，自我重复有细节重复、情节与结构重复、扩写与改写等表现形式，媒体时代的强制性文化法则、作家的内在缺陷和叙事模式的局限性是其文化根源；反讽与讽刺相比，是一种相对温和却又更具普遍性的文化反抗形式，但九十年代小说的言语反讽、情境反讽和总体反讽都因为主体缺乏内在的价值支撑而陷入虚无，虚伪的反抗成为一种遮蔽现实的屏障；九十年代小说的叙事视角从传统的全知视角转向限知视角，具体表现为旁观视角和窥视视角，这种强调局部性和差异性的视角本来可以成为扩展个人话语空间的正当途径，但由于它们被过分地利用于渲染感官刺激和心理刺激，与大众趣味不谋而合。

In the 1970s and 1980s chartists had modest success in predicting currency markets because, one theory says, the strong role of central banks and treasuries in currency markets constrained the variables so that they could be described in relatively simple linear equations.

在二十世纪七十年代和八十年代，这些图表分析员们在货币市场的预测方面有了一点成功，这是因为，按照一种理论的说法，中央银行和财政部在货币市场中的强势角色约束了各种变量，这样一来，就可以用一种相对简单的线性方程来描述整个市场的表现。

The research of marsh initiated in the 1960s in our country. However, the study of marsh sedimentation and environmental changes was relatively weak, even though we have done some preliminary works on an approach to the characteristics of sporepollen assemblage of peat in the Holocene and paleoenvironmwent, and formation mechanism and deposition kinetics of peatland since 1990s. But we are lacking in systematic research on gleying marsh, especially on recent short timescale and highresolution sedimentation records of environmental changes. There is a certain disparity in this field compared with lake sedimentation and environmental changes.

我国沼泽研究起步于20 世纪60 年代，期间有关沼泽沉积与环境的研究相对薄弱，90 年代以来虽已在泥炭沼泽孢粉解译全新世环境变化与泥炭沉积动力学方面有初步积累，但对潜育沼泽缺乏系统研究，尤其缺乏近代短时间尺度高分辨率环境变化历史记录研究，这方面与湖泊沉积及其环境演变研究相比已形成一定的差距。

A Mondrian framework is proposed for exploring the essence of music. In 1920s, Dutch painter P. Mondrian proposed horizontals and verticals as the basic forms of beauty for painting. In 1960s, scientists D. H. Hubel and T. N. Wiesel discovered the corresponding cellular evidences for supporting Mondrian's proposition.

本文提出用蒙德里安架构来阐释音乐的本质。1920年代里，荷兰画家蒙德里安提议用水平线与垂直线作为绘画的基本形式美。1960年代里，科学家修伯尔与威瑟尔发现支持蒙德里安提议的相对细胞证据。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。