相变点

The phase transition limit of the most of cooling medium is called as vaporization point. Along with the increase of decalescence of cooling medium, gas contents increases and degree of dry steam rises.

冷却介质主流发生相变的点称之为蒸发点，其后随着介质不断吸热，气态含量增多，蒸汽干度上升。

The lecture contains 12 chapters for 2 semesters and includes information of materials basic features and properties such as Crystallography, Motion state of electrons in solids, Crystal structure, Semi-crystals and non-crystals, Phase diagram, Point defects and line defects, Plane defects and volume defects, Diffusion, as well as the basic principles of materials processing such as Solidification, Deformation and recrystallization, Solid transformation.

授课内容分十二章；涉及材料最基本的性质和特征（晶体学基础，固体材料中电子运动状态，晶体结构，非晶态与半晶态，相图、晶体中的点缺陷与线缺陷、面缺陷与体缺陷、扩散）以及材料成形过程涉及的基本原理（凝固、形变与再结晶、固态相变等）。

For spin-3/2 Isingmodel with transverse crystal field,the tricritical phenomena havebeen observed for the square and simple cubic lattice,but there isno tricritical point for the honeycomb lattice.

横向晶场中自旋为3/2的Ising模型中，对于蜂窝点阵晶格来说，系统相变没有三相点，而正方点阵、简立方点阵晶格却有三相点的存在。

Above the critical point,the second-order phase-transition line between the superfluid and the normal phase is determined.

在三相点温度以上，超流和正常相之间有二级相变。

The crystal structure of NKN-LN and NKN-LT ceramics was investigated by XRD analysis, and the morphotropic phase boundary of the ceramics was also determined. It is revealed that the perovskite structure of NKN-LN ceramics transforms from orthorhombic phase to tetragonal phase when the LN content is 6%.

确定了体系的准同型相变的成分点，发现NKN-LN体系中随着LN增加在其含量达到6％时体系由正交相转变为四方相；NKN-LT体系在LT含量5％～7％范围内由正交相转变为四方相。

The PS-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMA and PS-b-PDMA-b- PNIPAM triblock copolymers can self-assemble into PS-core micelles, which possess a three layer \'onion-like\' structure, with PDMA and PNIPAM blocks forming the inner layers or outer coronas. Using above measurements, we can concluded that PS-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMA triblock copolymer micelles have the double phase transition behavior, while PS-b-PDMA-b-PNIPAM have only one phase transition behavior.2. We synthesized poly(ethylene glycol-b-methacrylic acid)diblock copolymers with three different polymerization degree of PMAA blocks.

但是对于PS-b-PDMA-b-PNIPAM胶束，由于中间亲水嵌段的作用，使PNIPAM的相转变温度提高，且PDMA由于靠近PS内核以及随着外壳PNIPAM的水溶性变差其相转变点降低，因此我们只能看到一个转变过程。2、通过原子转移自由基聚合，我们合成了三种不同PtBMA长度的PEG-b-PtBMA二嵌段聚合物，将叔丁基水解后得到了三种PEG-b-PMAA二嵌段聚合物。

Different sulfurizing pressures can result in microstrain variations of phase transformation, spot-defect quantity and surface-defect quantity, and then can result in the change of optical absorption properties in the FeS2 films.

硫化压力的变化导致相变微观应力、点缺陷数量及面缺陷比例的变化，进而导致FeS2薄膜光吸收性能的变化。

By employing the Jordan-Wigner transformation and a modified mean field method, we are able to determine its ground-state quantum phase diagram approximately. The chapter IV is the main part of this Thesis. It contains the main innovations in our work. We propose and study in detail a S=1 Ising chain with the interplay of single-ion anisotropy and dimerization. The main results and innovations are the following: We show that the total number of the zero-component of spins at each site is a conserved quantity. This quantity, which may intuitively called as hole's quantum number, is hidden in the system. We show further that the hole's number in the ground-state is zero; By using the Jordan-Wigner transformation, we map this model onto a series of subsystems described by the spin 1/2 dimerized transverse Ising model. We solve the subsystems exactly, by presenting the exact wave functions and spectra;We show that this system exhibits a series of quantum phase transitions by varying the dimerization strength. We determine the quantum critical points exactly. We also show that the criticality is the same as that of the uniform S = 1/2 transverse Ising chain.

第四章是本文的重点及主要创新内容，我们具体研究了自旋为1的在横向单离子晶格场中的一维二聚化Ising链，我们得到的主要结果和创新之处是：(1)证明了这一模型具有一种隐藏的对称性，即自旋第三分量为零的格点数目是一个守恒量，并证明基态出现在空穴数目为零的子空间中；(2)利用Jordan-Wigner 变换将此模型变换到一系列自旋为1/2的横磁场中的二聚化Ising 模型，并给出了相应严格的波函数及能谱；(3)我们发现系统的基态随着二聚化强度的变化将呈现出一系列量子相变，我们得到了量子临界点的精确位置，并证明其临界性质与自旋为1/2的横磁场中的均匀Ising 链中的临界行为属于同一普适类。

Then the fixed point of transformation can be found, among which those unstable ones are critical points of phase transition.

然后找出重整化变换的不动点，在所有不动点中那些不稳定不动点是发生相变的临界点。

The SM effect was significantly improved by precipitation of β(I32) phase and the maxreal shape recovery strain of 2.2 % was obtained, which can be explained by precipitation hardening.

基于上述讨论，从动力学的角度讨论了Ms点及临界切应力τc诱发fcc→hcp相变的能量条件，解释了在Ms点处合金的层错能不为零的实验结果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。