相变

In order to accurately analyze the thermal and mechanical states of subway tunnel constructed by artificial freezing method,the coupled effects of moisture transfer and phase change of ice and water,the generation of cement hydration heat and thermal creep constitutive relationship were taken into account,and a moisture,thermal and mechanical coupled model was established.

为了准确分析地铁隧道人工冻结施工过程中的热力学状况，考虑水分迁移和冰水相变耦合影响以及水泥水化热的生成，采用热蠕变本构建立了地铁隧道人工冻结施工的水热力耦合分析模型。

Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, Simple Thermodynamic System, Work, Heat and First Law of Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory of the Ideal Gases, The Second Law of Thermodynamics, The Carnot Cycle and the Thermodynamic Temperature, Entropy, Phase Diagram of a Pure Substances, First-Order and Second-Order Phase Transitions, Introduction to Statistical Mechanics (including Partition for Canonical Ensemble, M-B 、 F-D 、 B-E distributions), Thermal Properties of Solids.

热物理 ( S0437)(3，0)/热力学( S0434)(3，0)温度及热力学第零定律，简单热力学系统，功，热及热力学第一定律，理想气体动力论，热力学第二定律，卡诺循环与热力学温标，熵，纯物质的相图，一阶与二阶相变，统计力学简介(包括：正则系综的配分函数，马克斯威尔-玻兹曼分布，费米-狄拉克分布，玻色-爱因斯坦分布等)，固体的热性质。

A study of phase morphology of PBT/POE-g-MAH/nano-CaCO3 composite by means of scanning electron microscopy showed that the domains size of nano-CaCO3 capsulated by POE-g-MAH elastomer in composite when PBT was mixed directly with POE-g-MAH and nano-CaCO3 together or with nano-CaCO3 capsulated by POE-g-MAH elastomer is large.

采用熔体流动速率较低的EPS30R与纯POE-g-MAH共混制备的增韧改性剂，在PBT基体中的分散相变得粗大且不均匀，共混物的脆韧转变推迟。SEM显示，纯POE-g-MAH增韧剂使PBT共混物发生脆韧转变时，弹性体分散相颗粒产生塑性变形，诱发基体屈服而吸收能量。

Depending on the aims of investigations, cathodical charging at RT or gas phase charging at elevated temperatures were adopted.

本文研究氢在亚稳β、近β和α+β两相钛合金中的行为和氢对合金的组织结构和相变过程，以及对合金的室温和高温力学性能的影响。

The results suggested that compared with A-starch and maize starch, there are more quantities of impurities, such as protein, lipid and pentosan, in B-starch. B-starch prepared in the laboratory almost has the same compositions as three samplings, and accords with the reports of some documents too. Differing from the granules in A-starch, those in B-starch are smaller sized (1-10m)and oval shaped, and felted each other. The crystallogram of A- and B-starch are similar, i.e. A type. There is difference in granular distribution between A- and B-starch. The granular distribution of B-starch is anomalous and extensive (l~1259m).B-starch has bigger dilatancy and retrogradation, and smaller blue value, solubility, viscosity, gelatinization temperature and gelatinization enthalpy.

试验结果表明：跟玉米淀粉、A淀粉相比较，B淀粉含有的蛋白质、脂肪和戊聚糖等杂质数量多；实验室制备的小麦B淀粉中淀粉、粗蛋白、戊聚糖等含量均与文献的报道接近，也与在工厂采样的B淀粉相近；与A淀粉不同，B淀粉以小颗粒的淀粉为主，平均粒径1～10μm，颗粒形状呈椭圆形，同时颗粒和颗粒之间黏结紧密；B淀粉和A淀粉晶形结构相似，都为A型；B淀粉的粒度分布情况不同于A淀粉，其粒度分布规律性不强，分布范围也较宽，粒度在1～1259μm之间；B淀粉的凝沉值和膨润力大于A淀粉，而沉降体积、蓝值、溶解度、粘度、糊透光度、相变温度和热焓均小于A淀粉；杂质的含量对B淀粉性质的影响是明显的，随着杂质含量的增加，沉降体积、溶解度和透光度减小，膨润力增大，但是它们对凝沉值、蓝值和粘度的影响比较复杂。

By the method of dilatometric change,combining with microscopic test and hardness measurement,different expanding curves of continuous cooling transformation were measured at different cooling rate,and CCT diagram was obtained by using DIL805A thermal expansion fast phase transition instrument.

利用膨胀法，结合金相法和硬度法，在DIL805A热膨胀快速相变仪上测定了该钢在不同冷速下连续冷却时的热膨胀曲线，获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了该钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程与组织变化。

The methods concerned include X-ray diffraction ,thermal analysis,dilatometry,acoustic emission and electrical resistance,of which the last one is widely used in that,in addition to the fact that the testing process can hardly affect the samples,it has high precision,simple electro-circuits,and high speed as well.

讨论了形状记忆合金相变温度的常用测量方法的现状、优缺点及发展趋势，包括变温X 射线法、热分析法、膨胀法、声发射法及电阻法。其中电阻法精度高，电路简单，测量过程对试样的影响小，速度快，被广泛采用

8Co alloy have been studied by means of optical and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dilatometry, tensile tests and Vickers hardness measurements. The inherent factors responsible for the low shape memory effect of polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Si alloys have been revealed.

本文通过金相、透射电镜及X-射线衍射分析以及热膨胀、拉伸和硬度试验等手段研究了Fe-25.6Mn-5.1Si-4.1Ni-1.8Co合金中应力诱发γ→ε马氏体相变和形状记忆效应，揭示了引起多晶Fe-Mn-Si系记忆合金形状记忆效应低的内在因素。

The chelating ability of its enolate anion (TTF-ph-tfac) has been investigated with [MIICl_2·xH_2O] (M = Zn and Co) leading to complexes Zn(TTF-ph-tfac)_2(CH_3OH)_2 (7) and Co(TTF-ph-tfac)_2(CH_3OH)_2 (8), where the metal center is coordinated by two TTF-ph-tfac ligands. This redox active ligand shows promising features for the elaboration of hybrid organic-inorganic building blocks.

具有反铁磁行为的化合物5在110-120K观察到了相转变的发生，是目前已报道的该类化合物中最高的相变温度。3、TTF-ph-tfac烯醇阴离子具有很强的配位能力，与金属氯化物螯合配位分别生成了配合物Zn(TTF-ph-tfac)_2(CH_3OH)_2 (7)和Co(TTF-ph-tfac)_2(CH_3OH)_2 (8)，每个中心金属都桥连两个TTF-ph-tfac配体。

The thermal shock resistance of the brick is expected to improve as a result of bigger bulk density, lower thermal expansion coefficient, phase transformation of fused MgO-ZrO2 eutectic powder, formation of magnesiaalumina spinel and forsterite.

材料性能的变化主要与电熔MgO-ZrO2共晶砂的体积密度大、热膨胀系数小、氧化锆的相变、镁铝尖晶石和镁橄榄石等物相的生成相关。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。