相变

A theoretical model is built to investigate the simulation of the infrared characteristic of the metal structure with the PCM false target.Structure parameters of the PCM false target that suit for the simulation are investigated numerically.According to the results,further request on the improvement of the thermal conductivity of PCM is presented.An experimental platform is built and the numerical model is validated experimentally.Three key thermal characteristic components of the false tank(barbette,wheel and front armor plate) are manufactured and tested,and good results are obtained.A method for the thermal conductivity enhancing of PCM by using aluminum fins is studied,the influence of the structure parameters of PCM plates to the simulation effects are investigated numerically,and the reasonable configuration parameters of the PCM plates used to simulate the steel plates of different thickness are obtained.In the study of the application of heat convection method in IR false target,a passive infrared simulation system is designed to simulate the infrared characteristic of metal constructions.The system is made up of pipe-plate,pump,receiver,and working fluid.

在相变材料应用于红外示假的研究中，通过数值模拟，研究确定了适用于制作假目标的相变材料各物性参数的范围，分析了相变材料制作假目标的可行性，并根据所得结果，选取石蜡为研究对象，建立了相变材料模拟金属构件红外特征的理论模型，研究了适用于模拟各金属构件红外特征的相变材料假目标的相关结构参数，得出了相变材料假目标模拟各金属构件红外特征的理论结果，并对相变材料的导热系数这一物性提出了进一步的改进要求；搭建了假目标实验平台，验证了所建理论模型的准确性；以坦克假目标为研究对象，制作了炮塔、负重轮和前上装甲板三个坦克假目标的关键红外热特征部件，并进行了野外实验，取得了较好的结果；以添加铝肋片作为改进相变材料导热能力的手段，理论研究了此类导热增强型相变材料的相关结构参数对模拟效果的影响，得出了模拟不同厚度钢板红外特征的导热增强型相变材料的结构参数及模拟效果。

Optical storage is developing towards high density, large capacity, high data transfer rate and multifunctional usage.

目前光存储朝着高密度、大容量、高数据传输速率、多功能方向发展，相变光盘存储材料的优劣是影响相变光存储的关键，研究和开发性能优良的相变材料一直是发展相变光盘的核心。

This thesis demonstrates the pre-polymers in a polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals can be polymerized into a polymer film, which can eliminate the aligning capability of the homogeneous alignment layer. Thereafter, the textures of the cholesteric liquid crystals in UV-cured region can be changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the liquid crystals can be reduced by doping with chiral dopant or monomers. The cause is the increase of the impurity concentration in LCs. In other words, if the monomers are polymerized, the clearing temperature of LCs in that region should increase due to the decrease of the impurity concentration. Therefore, impurities associated with doping with monomeric and chiral dopants cause the clearing temperature of LCs in cured region to differ from that in uncured region.

本文中，我们提出在高分子聚合物薄膜之胆固醇液晶(polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals，简称PDCLCs)中，利用紫外光使PDCLC中的单体聚合成薄膜，此即为光引致聚合反应，而该薄膜将原本在表面所作的配向膜覆盖且破坏其配向能力，使胆固醇液晶由原本反射的planar结构转换成散射的focal conic结构；另外，有关液晶材料的相变温度会由於掺杂手性分子或单体而降低，此因液晶材料内『杂质』浓度增加，而造成的液晶材料之不纯度增加，最终导致相变温度降低，若搭配上述光引致聚合反应，则由於光照区之单体聚合，使该区域单体占总材料之比例下降，即不纯度降低，进而使液晶材料之相变温度上升，该区域之相变温度与未照光区有所不同。

The research of phase transition in Langmuir monolayer, an important subject in physics, chemistry, and biology etc.

本文的第一部分是在Ginzburg-Landau相变理论的基础上研究Langmuir单层的相变耦合，通过对单层中分子的定向相变和汽液相变的耦合的研究，得到了与实验结果相符合的结论。

According to the natures of the 3rd-sequence, two kinds of facies-change surfaces and two kinds of diachrononism in stratigraphical records, the sequence stratigraphic framework can be established.

在前人岩相古地理研究的基础上，根据三级层序的两大特征——"空间上相序的有序性和时间上环境变化的同步性"，并考虑到地层记录中的两种相变面和两种穿时性――"静态相变面及其相变面穿时、动态相变面及其间断面穿时"，建立研究区域志留系的层序地层格架，并在此基础上从沉积物的时间演化序列和沉积相的空间展布形式入手，恢复其古地理背景。

Errite transformation action of Nb micro-alloyed steels during FTSRhas been simulated by Gleeble-2000 thermal/mechanical simulation tester.

TSR薄板坯连铸连轧生产线由于其固有的相变特点，即在轧制时没有发生奥氏体-铁素体-奥氏体的二次相变，而只发生了一次相变，因此其相变机理是否与传统流程相同就成为研究的主要问题。

Secondly, organical composite thermal storage materials which takethe PNIPAAm gels as the carriers and the palmitic acid and the lauric acidmixture for phase change materials were Synthesized by radicalpolymerization ,and organical/inorganical composite materials which takeP(NIPAAm-co-AAm) gels as the carriers and the palmitic acid、thelauric acid and Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O mixture were also Synthesized byradical polymerization.

其次，本文采用自由基聚合法，合成了以PNIPAAm凝胶为载体，棕榈酸和月桂酸的混合物为相变材料有机复合相变蓄热材料；及P(NIPAAm-co-AAm)凝胶为载体，棕榈酸、月桂酸和Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O为相变材料的有机／无机复合相变蓄热材料，采用红外光谱、示差扫描量热法、热重分析、扫描电镜等手段对两种复合材料的结构及热性能进行了表征与分析，研究了有机酸和无机盐的百分含量对复合材料的相变温度和相变焓的影响。

The start temperatures of the martensitic transformations estimated by using this model are in agreement with experimental results.

用这个理论模型求出来的马氏体相变的开始温度与实验的观察十分相符，并能很好地解释奥氏体晶粒尺度和冷却速率对马氏体相变的影响，涨落在等温马氏体相变中所起的作用，以及在等温马氏体相变中孕育期在&鼻部&温度以上随温度上升而增加的现象和孕育期反比于奥氏体晶粒尺度的3次方的实验结果。

Then detailedly introduces the principle of pole-changing modulating speed and design feature in times pole proportion and non times pole proportion in the Mixed pole-changing simplex winding multispeed asynchronous motor , carry on discuss to the main parts of electrical machinery electromagnetism computation; by using VISUAL BASIC under WINDOWS platform for computer-aided design method for the mixed pole-changing simplex winding multispeed asynchronous machine, carries on profound analysis for the computer-aided design in the following aspect such as rotor and setting flush piece size, groove shape size, the rotor and setting winding connection, and start performance.

本文在介绍了单绕组多速电动机的概况，阐述了目前多速电机的发展现状与前景；利用槽号相位图以及混相原理对变极绕组进行了研究，确定了绕组的混相方案；并详细地介绍了混相变极单绕组多速电机在倍极比与非倍极比时的变极调速原理以及设计特点；对电机电磁计算的主要几个部分进行了讨论；介绍了使用WINDOWS平台下的VISUAL BASIC对混相变极单绕组多速异步电机的计算机辅助设计方法，对混相变极单绕组多速异步电机的定转子冲片尺寸、槽形尺寸、定转子绕组接法、定转子相带、起动性能的几个方面的计算机辅助计算进行了深刻分析；最后，对混相变极单绕组多速异步电机的样机检测试验结果进行了分析。

One is low valence vanadium oxide thin films were deposited by direct current facing target magnetron sputtering firstly, and then thermal oxidated; the other is high valence vanadium oxide thin films were deposited by ion beam sputtering, then thermal deoxidated. Vanadium oxide thin films with phase transition were obtained at the lower thermal process temperature 300℃, which is compatible with MEMS technologys. The composition of VO_x thin film fabricated by first method includes mainly VO_2, V2O3 and VO_, the TCR is -2.25%/K, the TCR gradually increases with phase transition temperature decreases. The composition of VO_x thin film fabricated by the second method includes mainly VO_2, V2O5 and V2O3 , and the resulting VO_x thin filmTCR is -3.0%/K. The TCR of phase transition vanadium oxide thin films made by second method is higher than that made by first method for the existance of V2O5 in thin films.

分别采用直流对靶磁控溅射制备低价态氧化钒薄膜再附加热氧化处理的方式，和射频离子束溅射制备高价氧化钒薄膜附加热还原处理的方式获得了具有相变特性的氧化钒薄膜，第一种方式获得相变特性氧化钒薄膜的热处理温度最低为300℃，克服了以往高温条件下热处理不能与MEMS工艺兼容的缺点；相变特性氧化钒薄膜的组分以VO_2为主，含有V2O3和VO_，室温TCR为-2.25%/K；室温电阻温度系数随相变温度的降低逐渐升高；采用第二种方式获得的相变氧化钒薄膜的组分以VO_2为主，含有V2O5和V2O3，室温TCR可达-3.0%/K；分析发现，具有相变特性的氧化钒薄膜中含有V2O5时，室温电阻温度系数明显增大。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐