相位

The fundament of flat terrain phase effect and its removal are stated. The interferogram consists, for each pixel, of the complex conjugate product of two SAS images directly, which cant reflect the actual terrain change. The general phase trend in range can be considered as the phase generated by an ideally flat terrain and is often subtracted from the interferogram before further processing.

论述了水平地形效应产生原理及其消除方法，由于水平地形效应的存在使得两幅SAS复图像直接复共轭相乘得到的相位图不能直观地反映出实际地形的拓扑变化，所以在对干涉相位图进行滤波及相位展开处理前应当消除干涉相位图像的水平地形效应。

This contour phase correlation method is superior to the conventional phase correlation in two aspects. Firstly, the contours of images are extracted, and the phase correlation is applied to the contours of images instead of the whole original images, which is more efficient and robust. Secondly, when there are multiple peak values approximate to the maximum peak value in the δ function array, the corresponding translations can be regarded as candidate translations and calculated separately, and the best translation should be determined by the optimization of conformability of two images in the overlapping area.

本轮廓相位相关算法对常规的相位相关算法作了两点改进：(1)提取出图像的轮廓，只对二值化的轮廓图像进行相位相关计算，效率和鲁棒性提高；(2)当相位相关的δ函数阵列中存在多个和最大峰值比较接近的峰值时，将其对应的平移量都作为候选平移量，然后根据重叠区图像的一致性选取其中的最佳值。

This technique uses a spiral phase plate with a small central aperture placed on the Fourier plane of so imaging system. If the spiral phase filter is rotated by a certain angle around its central axis, a phase shift between the zero-order spatial frequency component and the remaining of the object is produced, and the magnitude of this phase shift is proportional to the rotation angle. Using this property, we can record a sequence of intensity distribution of the output beams corresponding to different rotation angles, and then digitally reconstruct the objects by using a phase-shifting algorithm. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.

在成像系统的频谱面上放置中心带有一通光孔径的螺旋相位板，在输出面上记录输入物体经螺旋相位滤波后的输出像；将螺旋相位滤波器绕轴旋转一定角度，通过中心光孔的零频成份与其他高频成份间会产生与旋转角度成正比的相移；利用这一特点，通过记录多幅对应不同旋转角度的输出光场强度分布图，然后再用一定的相移算法实现被记录物体相位分布的数字再现。

This technique uses a spiral phase plate with a small central aperture placed on the Fourier plane of an imaging system. If the spiral phase filter is rotated by a certain angle around its central axis,a phase shift between the zero-order spatial frequency component and the remaining of the object is produced,and the magnitude of this phase Shift is proportional to the rotation angle. Using this property,we can record a sequence of intensity distribution of the output beams corresponding to different rotation angles,and then digitally reconstruct the objects by using a phase-shifting algorithm. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.

在成像系统的频谱面上放置中心带有一通光孔径的螺旋相位板，在输出面上记录输入物体经螺旋相位滤波后的输出像；将螺旋相位滤波器绕轴旋转一定角度，通过中心光孔的零频成份与其他高频成份间会产生与旋转角度成正比的相移；利用这一特点，通过记录多幅对应不同旋转角度的输出光场强度分布图，然后再用一定的相移算法实现被记录物体相位分布的数字再现。

The signal-phase-matching principle of three and multi sensors are proposed in this dissertation. By using these principles, the formulae of estimated spatial signal are derived. The physical meaning and the geometric interpretation of these principles are given. The performances of estimated signal are analyzed when the phase of expected signal and the amplitude of noise are fluctuant.

提出了三元阵及多元阵的信号相位匹配原理，推导了利用信号相位匹配原理的空间信号估计公式，给出了信号相位匹配原理的物理意义及几何解释，分析了信号相位和噪声幅度起伏对信号估计性能的影响。

We expect it will benefit the industry field to break through the optical measuring limits at present by offering some new ideas. Optical measuring research based on moire interferometry has developed for several decades. The main idea of this research is to utilize the moire effect caused by two superimposed gratings of identical or similar spatial frequency. One is the reference grating and it is a virtual grating created by a computer program in this research; The other grating is the image of grating projected on the measured surface by the DLP projector, and this grating will distort because of the different sloped profile of the surface. To superimpose the program-created grating and the captured distorted grating will derive the so-called moire effect. This research combined the basic theory of optical interferometry and moire effect to project the different phases of the projected grating fringes by the phase-shifting method and compute the principal value of arguments between -π,π. In the end, the phase unwrapping program based on discrete Fourier transform of solving PDEs is used to unwrap the phase of the measured surface, and finally the surface profile is derived by the optical measuring system.

以叠纹干涉术为基础的光学检测研究之发展早已行之有年，而在本研究中所采用的投影叠纹法(Projection moiré)之主要精神在於藉由两道空间频率相近或相同的光栅相互叠加而成的效应，其中一道为参考光栅，而本研究中的参考光栅是以程式产生可调整不同空间频率的虚拟光栅；另一道则为投影至待测物表面的光栅影像，而在起伏高度不一的待测表面上的光栅影像会受到待测物表面起伏状况不同而在观测方向产生光栅投影条纹影像的歪曲变形，将电脑产生的参考光栅与由影像撷取装置所获取投影於待测物表面的光栅影像作叠合，便会产生所谓的叠纹效应；利用基本的光学干涉理论与叠纹效应结合，本研究中以相移法来改变投影於待测表面的光栅相位，再以相移法的理论反运算出在带有待测面各点高度资讯之介於-π，π相位主幅角，再以离散傅立叶转换解偏微分方程的相位重建程式还原待测面的相位值，以得知待测面之表面轮廓。

The procedure can suppress the propagation of the errors and then unwraps through the phase inconsistencies.

其优点是能够有效地抑制由相位不一致性区域所导致的相位误差传播，因而不需要进行相位不一致性区域的识别，且使得相位解缠能够自动完成

Signals of before and after NR decoding are entered to subtracter to obtain error signal, which is multiplied by imaginary part of the output of equalizer FIR so as to obtain output of discrimination phase.

本发明包括一个复均衡器的FIR、DFE、复乘器、加法器、NR解码器、减法器、实乘器、累加器、限幅器，它与均衡器结合，使解调后处理得到的复信号由I和Q路组成，经过复均衡FIR，输出仍为复信号，它与总相差φ复乘，进行相位解旋，之后取出实基带信号与DFE输出送入加法器得到均衡器输出，进入一个NR解码器后得到信号送入DFE作为输入，NR解码前后的信号进入减法器得到误差信号；它和均衡器FIR输出的虚部相乘得到鉴相输出，去噪声和限幅后进行相位解旋，去除相位偏差和相位抖动。

The socket structure is provided with a zero phase trigger control unit, through the photoelectric sensing element of the unit, optical coupling can be performed to generate zero phase trigger, and the opening or the closing of a two-way thyratron in the zero phase can be accurately controlled, therefore, an electric device inserted on an output socket can be started or stopped from the zero phase, in order to reduce the electromagnetic interference and prolong the service life of the electric device, the use efficiency of the electric device can be enhanced, the power supply thereof can be saved, filtering and rectifying can be performed through a current switching unit when the alternating current power supply passes through a filtering and rectifying circuit, the noise caused by external interference and affect can be filtered, and the power supply can be respectively transmitted to a current detecting socket and the input end of the current switching unit to be detected through a temperature sensor arranged on the current switching unit.

本实用新型为有关一种插座结构，尤指为设有零相位触发控制单元，可通过其光电感测元件来进行光耦合而产生零相位的触发，且可准确控制双向闸流阀在零相位的开启或者关闭，进而达到插置于输出插座上的电器装置从零相位开始启动或者关闭，以降低电磁干扰而延长电器装置使用寿命，且可提升电器装置的使用效率及节省电源，并通过电流转换单元于交流电源通过滤波整流电路进行滤波整流，可滤除外部所干扰影响的杂讯，并分别传送至电流侦测插座及电流转换单元的输入端，而可通过电流转换单元所设置的温度感应器来进行侦测，于电路温度升高时，温度感应器可进行切断双向闸流阀的电源输出而达到保护输出插座上所插设的电器设备。

Phase modulation depth decreases with the incident angle increasing, while phase modulation depth increases with the obliquity of LC-SLM molecule decreasing, i.e., driving voltage of the LC-SLM increases with the intensity of write-in light increasing.

结果表明，随着入射角的增加，液晶层的相位调制深度逐渐减小；随着分子倾角的减小，相位调制深度逐渐升高，即随着写入光的增强，加到液晶层两端的电压增加；随着入射角的增加，读出光强的初相位逐渐减小，但该初相位值并不大，即使在入射角10°下达到最大，也仅为0.21π。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。