相互作用的

A theoretical study of potential energy of solid surfaces and a deeply discussing of the influence of the adsorbed gases in the solid surfaces to the process of absorption and desorption were given.

从分子之间的作用力和分子之间相互作用的能量的角度对真空科学中表面吸附的位势理论进行了理论研究，并深入地探讨了固体表面吸附的气体分子层对气体的吸附与脱附的影响。

Behind the great change of ideas and behaviors, is the deeper change of thethinking ways. That reveals as the following: the change from plain experience andthinking in short of empirical facts to positivistic empirical thinking with"hypothesis-test" as basic procedure, the surpassing of the antithesis between twoextremes with the thinking principle of continuity, the surpassing of the linearthinking ways with the systematic thinking ways, the supplement of the ideas aboutthe interactions within the steady system with the ideas of dynamic emergence.

在上述这些理念与行为的巨大变化背后，是更为深层的思维方式上的转变，具体表现为：从朴素的经验与缺少实证的思辨转向以"假设验证"为基本程序的实证主义经验思维，以连续性原则超越二元对立思维方式、以系统思维方式超越线性思维方式，以动态生成观点丰富稳态系统内部相互作用的观点。

After studying the contents, we hope that the graduate students can grasp the basic principles of quantum electronics, master the basic methods of semi-classical and semi-quantum theory, have the capacity for reading special treatises ,and for handling problems in scientific research.

我们希望研究生通过对该课程内容的学习，能掌握量子电子学的基本原理，在理解相应基本概念的基础上学会采用半经典半量子理论，处理光和物质相互作用的基本方法，具有阅读国内外有关文献的能力，进一步处理科研中遇到问题的能力。

This decade will witness measurements of the top quark with increasing precision at the present and future colliders.

在今后的十年中，现有的和未来的对撞机实验将对top夸克的性质及相互作用的进行更为精细的测量。

The results show that, during the period of collision between the sand grain and the sand bed, the lost kinetic energy is more than half of the total energy. Moreover, because the percentage of collision angles with more than 0° is up to 70％, the vertical speed of sand increases even if the kinetic energy decreases, which ensures that the sand particles can receive more energy from the air to keep on the saltation movement.

实验结果表明，沙粒与沙床碰撞过程中损失的动能超过总能量的一半，且由于碰撞平面角大于0°的比例达到70％，即使沙粒在碰撞过程中能量有所损失，沙粒与沙床碰撞后垂直分速度增加的现象仍比较普遍，使得沙粒在与气流相互作用的过程中获取更多的能量，从而为沙粒的持续跃移提供了保证。

Understanding their functional properties in processed foods requires not only knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of isolated carbohydrates, but also knowledge of the reactions and interactions that occur in situs between carbohydrates and other food constituents and the effects of these changes upon food quality and acceptance.

要了解碳水化合物在加工食品中的功能特性，不仅要有单离态碳水化合物的物理、化学性质的知识，还要有碳水化合物与其它食物成分之间在加工食品中就地所发生的反应和相互作用的知识，以及这些反映变化对食品质量和食品可接受性的影响的知识。

The research on bound rubber and reinforcing effect of mineral filler showed that there are four kind of interactions between filler and rubber matrix in uncured mix The unbounded rubber on the surface of filler will solve in organic solvent The rubber bounded by stronger physical or chemical interaction with filler will dissolve in organic solvent The bound rubber on the surface of filler by different extent acid-base interactions will solve in basic organic solvent The bound rubber on the surface of filler by chemical action (no acid-base type) will dissolve in basic organic solvent

结合橡胶和增强作用的研究表明，在混炼胶中，硅橡胶与矿物填料的作用形式有四种。没有联结在矿物表面的非结合橡胶和仅靠物理吸附联结在填料表面的硅橡胶将溶解于有机溶剂；与填料有较强相互作用的硅橡胶不溶于有机溶剂；通过不同层次的酸碱作用联接在矿物表面的硅橡胶将溶解于碱性有机溶剂；与填料有牢固化学结合的硅橡胶不溶于碱性有机溶剂。

For better understanding the structure of insect community aloft and how it interacted with the insect community near the ground, especially the effects of the wind-borne migration, observations were conducted with a searchl...

为了更好地理解空中昆虫群落的结构及其如何与近地昆虫群落相互作用的，尤其是风载迁飞的效应，2002年在渤海海峡中间的长岛县一小岛(38 23.200'N，120 54.500'E)上使用探照灯诱虫器进行了观测；2001和2002年我们使用数字昆虫雷达和姊妹灯(同时使用的探照灯诱虫器和地面灯诱虫器)在北京附近的廊坊(39°30′42"N，116°36′07"E，28m asl)进行了观测。

For better understanding the structure of insect community aloft and how it interacted with the insect community near the ground, especially the effects of the wind-borne migration, observations were conducted with a searchlight trap o...

为了更好地理解空中昆虫群落的结构及其如何与近地昆虫群落相互作用的，尤其是风载迁飞的效应，2002年在渤海海峡中间的长岛县一小岛(38 23.200'N，120 54.500'E)上使用探照灯诱虫器进行了观测；2001和2002年我们使用数字昆虫雷达和姊妹灯(同时使用的探照灯诱虫器和地面灯诱虫器)在北京附近的廊坊(39°30′42"N，116°36′07"E，28m asl)进行了观测。

The author proposed systematically the proof of reaction between groundwater and weathering profile: diviation of weathering trend from normal one, abnormal enrichment of some elements such as K and Na in certain part of the profile, characteristic authigenic minerals and texture.

系统地提出了地下水与风化壳相互作用的证据：即剖面发育趋势偏离正常的风化趋势；剖面中元素的异常富集；一些特征的自生矿物的形成以及特征的结构构造。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。